Biotechnology for Sustainability
Achievements, Challenges and Perspectives
Editors
Subhash Bhore,
K. Marimuthu &
M. Ravichandran
Biotechnology for Sustainability
Achievements, Challenges and Perspectives
Editors
Subhash Bhore, K. Marimuthu & M. Ravichandran
2017
1
Biotechnology for Sustainability
Achievements, Challenges and Perspectives
Subhash Bhore, K. Marimuthu & M. Ravichandran (Editors)
Published by AIMST University
2017
ISBN: 978-967-14475-3-6 (Print version)
eISBN: 978-967-14475-2-9 (e-Book version)
2
AIMST University
Printed by
AIMST University
Copyright
© 2017 by the authors; Licensee, Editors; AIMST University,
Malaysia. This book is an open access book distributed under
the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution
(CC-BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
CC BY license is applied which allows users to download, copy, reuse and distribute
articles and or data provided the original article and book is fully cited. This open
access aims to maximize the visibility of articles, reviews and or perspectives, much of
which is in the interest of national, regional and global community.
Disclaimer: The information provided in this book is designed to highlight the views,
perspectives, achievements and or research findings of respective contributors. While
the best efforts have been used in preparing this book, Editors and or Publisher make
no representations or warranties of any kind and assume no liabilities of any kind with
respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents and specifically disclaim any
implied warranties. Neither the Editors nor Publisher of this book shall be held liable or
responsible to any person or entity with respect to any loss or incidental or
consequential damages caused, or alleged to have been caused, directly or indirectly,
by the information highlighted herein. Readers should be aware that the information
provided in this book may change.
All articles and or reviews published in this book are deemed to reflect the individual
views of respective authors and not the official points of view, either of the Editors or of
the Publisher.
Cover image: A diagram showing the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (Credit:
www.un.org/)
Edited by
Dr. Subhash J. Bhore (Senior Associate Professor)1,
Dr. K. Marimuthu (Professor)1, 2, and
M. Ravichandran (Senior Professor)1, 2
Address for Correspondence:
1Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, AIMST University,
Bedong-Semeling Road, 08100 Bedong, Kedah Darul Aman, Malaysia; Telephone
No.: +604 429 8176; e-mail: subhash@aimst.edu.my / subhashbhore@gmail.com
2Chancellery, AIMST University, Bedong-Semeling Road, 08100 Bedong, Kedah Darul
Aman, Malaysia; Tel. No.: +604 429 1054 /8103; e-mail: marimuthu@aimst.edu.my /
ravichandran@aimst.edu.my
Edition
First; July 18, 2017
3
This book is dedicated to all researchers working in
various domains of biotechnology and to all
stakeholders those are working for the global
sustainable development to improve the health of the
people and planet.
4
World Environment Day (WED) is a biggest global annual event celebrated each
year on June 5 to create the positive awareness to preserve the environment and planet
earth. This year, the theme for WED-2017 was “Connecting people to nature”. Our
environment should be healthy for our growth, development and to achieve the sustainable
development goals (SDGs) adopted by the international community to transform the world.
Most recently, António Guterres (United Nations Secretary General) precisely
highlighted that “Without a healthy environment we cannot end poverty or build prosperity.
We all have a role to play in protecting our only home: we can use less plastic, drive less,
waste less food and teach each other to care”. In fact, to achieve the SDGs by protecting
environment, everyone needs to do their part.
We strongly believe that biotechnology can play an important role directly or
indirectly in achieving various SDGs. Hence, we had decided to publish a book,
“Biotechnology for Sustainability” to commemorate the WED and to highlight the
achievements, challenges and perspectives in various domains of the biotechnology. In
response to our call for articles, we had received 50 manuscripts. The selected articles
published in this book are highlighting various issues, achievements, challenges and
perspectives for the viable development and sustainability. The World Commission on the
Environment and Development defined sustainability as the “development that meets the
needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their
own needs”. The United Nations recent estimate suggest that the world’s food supply needs
to be doubled by the year 2050 to keep up with the growing demand. To achieve this is a
huge challenge; because, the amount of arable land is continuously decreasing as a result of
rising urbanization, saline soils and desertification. Biotechnologists (and plant breeders)
around the world are working persistently to produce crops which will boost the food
production to meet the growing demand. Genetically engineered crop varieties do offer
many promising possibilities to boost nutritive value of the food, sustain farming on
marginal lands, and to minimize the loss by creating pests and disease resistant varieties.
The articles published in this book are going to be useful in creating awareness
about the environmental issues, natural resources, biodiversity conservation, sustainable
development and various biotechnological approaches that could be used to alleviate the
respective challenges.
We would like to express our sincere gratitude and thanks to Dato' Seri Utama Dr.
S. Samy Vellu, Chancellor and Chairman, AIMST University for his support in publishing
this book.
We wish to thank all contributing authors for making a common cause with us. This
book publication project could not have been completed without the courteous cooperation
of the authors to highlight achievements, challenges and or perspectives in using
biotechnological approaches for the sustainability.
We are confident that this book will serve as a reference to various researchers,
scientists, academicians and graduate students involved in biodiversity conservation,
environmental protection and various fields of biology and biotechnology.
It is hoped that a prudent use of biotechnology in the biodiversity conservation,
environmental protection, and production of more and better quality of food, fiber, fuel and
drugs will contribute in accomplishing SDGs and to promote peace in the world.
Subhash J. Bhore
K. Marimuthu
M. Ravichandran
ISBN: 978-967-14475-3-6 ; eISBN: 978-967-14475-2-9 i
Plant Tissue Culture for Sustainability
C. K. John ....................................................................................................................... 1
Traditional Medicine of the Tribes in Tamil Nadu and Its Sustainable
Use through Biotechnology
Valli Gurusamy, Kavitha Valampuri John, Usha Raja Nanthini
Ayyakkanu, Ramani Bai Ravichandran ......................................................................... 14
Vermitechnology – An Eco-Biological Tool for Sustainable
Environment
Mahaly Moorthi, Koilpathu Senthil Kumar Abbiramy, Arumugam Senthil
Kumar and Karupannan Nagarajan................................................................................ 41
Role of Biotechnology in Food Authentication
Shobana Manoharan, Raghavan Kuppu and Ramesh Uthandakalaipandian ................... 51
Management Strategies against Tiny Tigers for Sustainable
Development of Agriculture
Viswa Venkat Gantait ................................................................................................... 58
Designing Greener Pharmaceuticals and Practicing Green Health Is
Required for Sustainability
Sridevi Chigurupati, Jahidul Islam Mohammad, Kesavanarayanan
Krishnan Selvarajan, Saraswati Simansalam, Shantini Vijayabalan and
Subhash Janardhan Bhore ............................................................................................. 68
Clonal Propagation of a High Value Multipurpose Timberline Tree
Species Quercus semecarpifolia Sm. of West Himalaya, India
Aseesh Pandey and Sushma Tamta ............................................................................... 79
Spent Mushroom Substrate of Hypsizygus ulmarius: A Novel
Multifunctional Constituent for Mycorestoration and Mycoremediation
Padmavathi Tallapragada and Ranjini Ramesh .............................................................. 88
Biotechnology for Sustainability of Forests
Kumud Dubey and Kesheo Prasad Dubey ................................................................... 104
Biotechnological Approaches for Conservation and Sustainable Supply
of Medicinal Plants
Sagar Satish Datir and Subhash Janardhan Bhore ........................................................ 117
ISBN: 978-967-14475-3-6 ; eISBN: 978-967-14475-2-9 ii
Making Himalayas Sustainable: Opportunities and Challenges in
Indian Himalayan Region
Harsh Kumar Chauhan and Anil Kumar Bisht ............................................................. 129
Natural Polyphenols and Its Potential in Preventing Diseases Related
To Oxidative Stress as an Alternative Green Nutraceutical Approach
Sreenivasan Sasidharan, Shanmugapriy, Subramanion Lachumy Jothy,
Mei Li Ng, Nowroji Kavitha, Chew Ai Lan, Khoo Boon Yin,
Soundararajan Vijayarathna, Leow Chiuan Herng and Chern Ein Oon ........................ 141
A Review on Green Synthesis of Nanoparticles and Its Antimicrobial
Properties
Karthika Arumugam and Naresh Kumar Sharma ......................................................... 171
Production of Secondary Metabolites Using a Biotechnological
Approach
Produtur Chandramati Shankar and Senthilkumar Rajagopal ....................................... 187
Potential of Marine Algae Derived Extracts as a Natural Biostimulant
to Enhance Plant Growth and Crop Productivity
Lakkakula Satish* and Manikandan Ramesh ............................................................... 200
Biotransformation of Various Wastes into a Nutrient Rich Organic
Biofertilizer - a Sustainable Approach towards Cleaner Environment
Geetha Karuppasamy, Michael Antony D’Couto, Sangeetha Baskaran and
Anant Achary.............................................................................................................. 212
Bacterial Endophytes as Biofertilizers and Biocontrol Agents for
Sustainable Agriculture
Amrutha V. Audipudi, Bhaskar V. Chakicherla and Shubhash Janardhan
Bhore .......................................................................................................................... 223
Microbial Metabolic Engineering: A Key Technology to Deal with
Global Climate and Environmental Challenges
Meerza Abdul Razak, Pathan Shajahan Begum and Senthilkumar
Rajagopal .................................................................................................................... 248
Biodiesel Production for Sustainability: An Overview
R. Meena Devi, R. Subadevi and M. Sivakumar .......................................................... 262
In vitro Cell Bioassays in Pollution Assessment
Narayanan Kannan, Poorani Krishnan and Ahmad Zaharin Aris ................................. 274
Lipopeptide Biosurfactants from Bioagent, Bacillus as a Weapon for
Plant Disease Management
Sampath Ramyabharathi, Balaraman Meena, Lingan Rajendran and
Thiruvengadam Raguchander ...................................................................................... 287
ISBN: 978-967-14475-3-6 ; eISBN: 978-967-14475-2-9 iii
Biotechnology as a Tool for Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of
Plant and Seaweed Genetic Resources of Tropical Bay Islands, India
Pooja Bohra, Ajit Arun Waman and Anuraj Anirudhan ............................................... 295
Plantibodies for Global Health: Challenges and Perspectives
Prasad Minakshi, Basanti Brar, Manimegalai Jyothi, Ikbal, Koushlesh
Ranjan, Upendra Pradeep Lambe and Gaya Prasad ..................................................... 305
Renewable Energy from Agro-industrial Processing Wastes: An
Overview
Sudhanshu S. Behera, Ramesh C. Ray and S. Ramachandran ..................................... 322
Mitigation of Climatic Change by Organic Agriculture
Mohan Mani, Manohar Murugan, Ganesh Punamalai and Vijayalakshmi
Ganesan Singaravelu ................................................................................................... 336
Application of Anti-vibrio and Anti-quorum Sensing Technology for
Sustainable Development in Shrimp Aquaculture
Ramesh Kandasamy, Amutha Raju and Manohar Murugan ......................................... 344
Promiscuous Rhizobia: A Potential Tool to Enhance Agricultural Crops
Productivity
Ikbal, Prasad Minakshi, Basanti Brar, Upendera Praddep Lambe,
Manimegalai Jyothi, Koushlesh Ranjan, Deepika, Virendra Sikka and
Gaya Prasad ................................................................................................................ 358
Organic Farming and Halalan Toyyiban Foods: An Attempt to Relate
Them
Quamrul Hasan and Zakirah Othman .......................................................................... 376
Biotechnological Approaches: Sustaining Sugarcane Productivity and
Yield
Ashutosh Kumar Mall and Varucha Misra .................................................................. 386
Bioremediation: A Biotechnology Tool for Sustainability
Niharika Chandra, Ankita Srivastava, Swati Srivastava, Shailesh Kumar
Mishra and Sunil Kumar ............................................................................................. 398
Sea Urchin - A New Potential Marine Bio-resource for Human Health
M. Aminur Rahman, Fatimah Md. Yusoff, Kasi Marimuthu and Yuji
Arakaki ....................................................................................................................... 417
Marine Pollution and Its Impacts on Living Organisms
Thavasimuthu Citarasu and Mariavincent Michael Babu ............................................. 444
Ecology, Distribution and Diversity of Bioluminescent Bacteria in Palk
Strait, Southeast Coast of India
Srinivasan Rajendran, Ganapathy selvam Govindarasu and Govindasamy
Chinnavenkataraman................................................................................................... 456
ISBN: 978-967-14475-3-6 ; eISBN: 978-967-14475-2-9 iv
Synthesis of Biocompatible Silver Nanoparticles Using Green Alga
( Ulva reticulata) Extract
Ganapathy selvam Govindarasu, Srinivasan Rajendran and Sivakumar
Kathiresan................................................................................................................... 475
Diversity and Ethno-Botanical Potential of Tree Plants of Katarniaghat
Wildlife Sanctuary, Bahraich (UP) India: An Overview
Tej Pratap Mall ........................................................................................................... 486
Free Radical Scavenging Potential and Anticancer Activity of Primula
denticulata Sm. from North-Western Himalayas
Bilal Ahmad Wani, Mohammed Latif Khan and Bashir Ahmad Ganai ........................ 512
Panchakavya: Organic Fertilizer and Its Stimulatory Effect on the Seed
Germination of Abelmoschus esculentus and Solanum melongena
V. Ramya and S. Karpagam ........................................................................................ 525
Increasing Human Interference in Katarniaghat Wildlife Sanctuary
Shiv Pratap Singh ....................................................................................................... 534
ISBN: 978-967-14475-3-6 ; eISBN: 978-967-14475-2-9 v
Biotechnology for Sustainability
Achievements, Challenges and Perspectives
Biotech Sustainability (2017), P1-13
Plant Tissue Culture for Sustainability
C. K. John*
Plant Tissue Culture Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha
Road, Pune 411008, India;*Correspondence: ck.john@ncl.res.in; Tel.: +91-9822531551
Abstract: The United Nations has placed great emphasis on sustainability. Three of the
most important requirements of sustainable development are: eradicating extreme pov-
erty and hunger, protecting the environment, and conserving biodiversity. Because of human activities the stable functioning of earth‛s life support system – which includes the at-
mosphere, oceans, forests, waterways, biodiversity and biogeochemical cycles, is at risk.
One of the major contributing factors is the large scale destruction of natural forests. Defor-
estation had many adverse effects; most importantly, the effects on climate, environment,
and biodiversity. The three pillars of sustainable development are: sustainable agriculture,
conserving biodiversity, and protecting the environment through reversing the effects of
deforestation by large scale afforestation. Plant Tissue Culture can greatly contribute in all
the three.
Keywords: Afforestation; biodiversity conservation; micropropagation; plant tissue culture;
sustainable a
