Endocrine Physiology: 100-Questions and Explanatory Answers for Students by Dr. Mustafa Fadil Mohammed - HTML preview

Volume regulatory hormones

Hormone

Stimulated by

Action

Angiotensin II

Hypotension and Vasoconstriction, sodium retention, stimulate hypovolemia

the release of aldosterone and increases

blood pressure

Aldosterone

Angiotensin II

Reabsorption of NaCl from the collecting

duct and the secretion of potassium

Antidiuretic

Hyperosmolality

Water retention and vasoconstriction

hormone (ADH)

and hypovolemia

Norepinephrine

Hypotension and Vasoconstriction and sodium retention hypovolemia

Atrial natriuretic Hypervolemia

Increases urinary excretion of sodium and peptide (ANP)

water and vasodilation

9.

(D) Leptin and ghrelin. The regulation of appetite is mediated by hormones released after a meal (reduces appetite) and hormones released during hunger (increases appetite). Leptin, insulin and peptide YY released after meal act on the hypothalamus to promote satiety. Ghrelin and orexin are hormones acts on the hypothalamus to induce the sensation of hunger.

Hormonal regulation of appetite

Hormone

Produced by

Actions

Leptin

Adipose tissue

Increases after meal and promote satiety

Insulin

β cells in the pancreas

Increases after meal and promote satiety

Peptide YY

Large intestine

Increases after meal and promote satiety

Ghrelin

Stomach

Produced during hunger and promote

food intake

Orexin

Hypothalamus

Promote wakefulness and food intake

10.

(A) Tryptophan is a precursor for the synthesis of melatonin and serotonin.

Tryptophan

Tryptophan hydroxylase

5-hydroxytryptophan

Aromatic amino acid decarboxylase

Serotonin

Serotonin N-acetyltransferase

N-acetylserotonin

Hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase

Melatonin

Synthesis of melatonin

Further Reading

References have been taken from these books for explanatory answers to MCQs.

1. AK Jain. Textbook of Physiology 3rd Edition, 2007.

2. Kim E. Barrett, Scott Boitano, Susan M. Barman and Heddwen L. Brooks. Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology 23th Edition, 2010.

3. Guyton and Hall. Textbook of Medical Physiology 14th Edition, 2021.

4. Jonathan D. Kibble and Colby R. Halsey. Medical Physiology: The Big Picture. 2009.

5. Joy Hinson, Peter Raven and Shern Chew. The Endocrine System: Basic Science and Clinical Condition. 2nd Edition, 2016.