DYNAMISM by GEORGE MARTIN WILLIAMS - HTML preview

BOOK TWO:

RIGHTEOUSNESS!

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John 16:9-11

King James Version

8 And when he is come, he will reprove the world of sin, and of righteousness, and of judgment: 9 Of sin, because they believe not on me;

10 Of righteousness, because I go to my Father, and ye see me no more; 11 Of judgment, because the prince of this world is judged.

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'OF RIGHTEOUSNESS, BECAUSE

I GO TO MY FATHER, AND YE

SEE ME NO MORE.'

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Revelation 5:1-7

King James Version

5 And I saw in the right hand of him that sat on the throne a book written within and on the backside, sealed with seven seals.

2 And I saw a strong angel proclaiming with a loud voice, Who is worthy to open the book, and to loose the seals thereof?

3 And no man in heaven, nor in earth, neither under the earth, was able to open the book, neither to look thereon.

4 And I wept much, because no man was found worthy to open and to read the book, neither to look thereon.

5 And one of the elders saith unto me, Weep not: behold, the Lion of the tribe of Judah, the Root of David, hath prevailed to open the book, and to loose the seven seals thereof.

6 And I beheld, and, lo, in the midst of the throne and of the four beasts, and in the midst of the elders, stood a Lamb as it had been slain, having seven horns and seven eyes, which are the seven Spirits of God sent forth into all the earth.

7 And he came and took the book out of the right hand of him that sat upon the throne.

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THE LAMB WILL REVEAL THE TRUTH THAT COMES FROM GOD!

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The Millennium Problems: The Seven Greatest

Unsolved Mathematical Puzzles of Our Time

[Reviewed by David Roberts, on 02/7/2003]

The Millennium Problems: The Seven Greatest Unsolved Mathematical Puzzles of Our Time [Reviewed by David Roberts, on 02/7/2003] In May 2000, the Clay Mathematics Institute elevated seven long-standing open problems in mathematics to the status of "Millennium Prize Problems," endowing each with a million-dollar prize. The seven particular problems were chosen in part because of their difficulty, but even more so because of their central importance to modern mathematics. The problems and the corresponding general areas of mathematics are as follows.

1

The Riemann Hypothesis

Number Theory

2

Yang-Mills Existence and Mass Gap

Mathematical Physics

3

The P versus NP problem

Computer Science

4

Navier-Stokes Existence and Smoothness

Mathematical Physics

5

The Poincaré Conjecture

Topology

6

The Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer Conjecture

Number Theory

7

The Hodge Conjecture

Algebraic Geometry

In The Millennium Problems, Keith Devlin aims to communicate the essence of these seven problems to a broad readership. It is, of course, a very ambitious goal. The preface makes it clear what Devlin's ground rules are. First he assumes only "a good high school knowledge of mathematics." Second, he is writing "not for those who want to tackle one of the problems, but for readers — mathematician and non-mathematician alike — who are curious about the current state at the frontiers of humankind's oldest body of scientific knowledge." He is clear that the readership drives the level of the book, so that precise statements of the problems will not always be given. Rather the goal is "to provide the background to each problem, to describe how it arose, explain what makes it particularly difficult, and give... some sense of why mathematicians regard it as important."

After the short preface, the book has an interesting Chapter 0, and then one chapter for each problem in the above order. These seven chapters are constructed similarly. Most have a long historical component, generally including biographical information about the person or persons after whom the conjecture is named. Each has substantial background mathematical information, with topics ranging from complex numbers in Chapter 1 and group theory in Chapter 2 to congruences in Chapter 6 and algebraic varieties in Chapter 7. Applications are emphasized when possible. A nice theme in Chapters 2 and 4 is that mathematicians are behind physicists and engineers and just trying to catch up. Each chapter concludes with a discussion of the millennium problem itself.

Chapter 5 illustrates how Devlin ties the various units of a chapter into a coherent narrative. It begins with four pages about the life and work of Henri Poincaré. It moves on to introduce "rubber sheet geometry" in terms of how subway maps and refrigerator wiring diagrams are not geometrically faithful to the physical objects they represent, but nonetheless clearly capture all relevant information. This unit is important as it will make readers feel that topology is natural, rather than weird. Chapter 5 next introduces the concepts of vertices, edges, faces and finally Euler characteristic in terms of the Königsberg bridge problem. It introduces non-orientable surfaces and makes the introduction of an ambient four-space seem natural, since it is necessary for an embedding of the Klein bottle. It topologically classifies closed surfaces first crudely in terms of their orientability, and then completely in terms of networks drawn upon them and the Euler characteristic of these networks. It gives a very attractive example of two seemingly linked rings that in fact can be pulled apart. This example shows the reader that not everything is geometrically obvious, and thus underscores the utility of algebraic invariants that can rigorously confirm that two objects are topologically different. It discusses how the ordinary two-sphere is characterized among all closed surfaces by having the property that any loop on it can be shrunk continuously to a point. Finally, by way of this two-dimensional analogy, it discusses the actual three-dimensional Poincaré conjecture.

The strain imposed by the challenge of communicating all seven millennium problems to a broad readership naturally shows at times. In the Navier-Stokes chapter, for example, the background mathematical information presented is calculus and specifically differentiation. Readers are instructed that "dy/dx" is to be read "dee-wye by dee-ex." Some seven pages later, the Navier-Stokes equations themselves are presented. They are four coupled non-linear partial differential equations in four independent variables. The exposition is gentle, but readers new to calculus will only understand at a superficial level. The strain is felt somewhat more in Chapter 6 and particularly so in Chapter 7. But these various strains are unavoidable, and I think in general Devlin has done a very good job giving general readers a feel for the seven millennium problems.

https://maa.org/press/maa-reviews/the-millennium-problems-the-seven-greatest-unsolved-mathematical-puzzles-of-our-time

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THE THIRD SEAL: FOUR DIMENSIONAL

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NEWTONIAN PHYSICS

AT THE SUBATOMIC LEVEL

AND FOR FLUID DYNAMICS

IN THIS CHAPTER, I WILL TRY TO BRING THE WORLD OF SUBATOMIC PHYSICS INTO A MORE EVERYDAY

SETTING BY SUPERSIZING THE SUBATOMIC PARTICLES. I WILL ALSO END THE CHAPTER BY SOLVING THE

MILLENNIUM PROBLEM CALLED "Navier-Stokes Existence and Smoothness".

MY MAIN GOAL IN WRITING THIS CHAPTER, IS TO PROVIDE A MUCH MORE PREFERABLE ALTERNATIVE TO

THE CURRENT THEORIES OF PHYSICS VIA THE DYNAMISM MODEL, WHICH IS BASED ON NEWTONIAN

CLASSICAL PHYSICS AND MATHEMATICS.

IN THIS CHAPTER:

• CALCULATING THE DIAMETER OF A NEUTRINO

• CALCULATING THE VOLUME OF A NEUTRINO

• CALCULATING THE MASS OF A NEUTRINO

• CALCULATING THE DENSITY OF A NEUTRINO

• THE DIAMETER OF POSITRONS AND ELECTRONS

• THE DIAMETER OF THE UPQUARK

• THE DIAMETER OF THE PROTONS AND NEUTRONS

• SUMMARY OF MASS AND RADIUS FOR

SMALLEST SUBATOMIC PARTICLES

• THE STRUCTURE OF PROTONS AND NEUTRONS

• SUPERSIZING THE SUBATOMIC LEVEL

• THE ROLE OF GRAVITY AT THE SUBATOMIC LEVEL

• THE PROTONS STRUCTURE

• THE NECESSITY FOR THE MAGNETIC MONOPOLE

• THE NUCLEAR STRUCTURE

• THE HYDROGEN AND HELIUM PARTICLES

• THE DEUTERON

• THE HE3 ALPHA PARTICLE

• THE NEUTRON

• THE TRITON

• THE HE4 ALPHA PARTICLE

• THE HE5 ALPHA PARTICLE

• THE HE6 ALPHA PARTICLE

• THE NUCLIDES CHART

• THE RELATIVE ABUNDANCE OF STABLE ISOTOPES

• THE NUCLEAR MAGIC NUMBERS

• THE SHELL STRUCTURE OF EACH ELEMENT UP TO FERMIUM

• ESTABLISHMENT OF NEW SHELLS

• THE DYNAMISM NUCLEAR SHELL MODEL

• DYNAMISM MODEL FOR ALPHA PARTICLE RADIATION

• SIXTH AND SEVENTH SHELL ODD NUMBERED ELEMENTS

• SIXTH AND SEVENTH SHELL EVEN NUMBERED ELEMENTS

• PARTICLE RADIATION

• THE EVOLUTION OF ATOMIC MATTER

• A NEWLY DISCOVERED HYPOTHESIS

• THE FORMATION OF THE SHELL STRUCTURE

• THE ARRANGEMENT OF ELECTRONS

• NEWTONIAN PHYSICS VS LEIBNIZIAN MATHEMATICS

• THE DERIVATIVE OF A FUNCTION IS EQUIVALENT TO THE SLOPE OF THE FUNCTION

• THE MILLENNIUM PROBLEMS

• NAVIER STOKE EQUATIONS

• NEWTONIAN CALCULUS VS LEIBNIZIAN CALCULUS

• THE COMPLETE PRESSURE EQUATIONS

• EXAMPLE OF APPLICATION OF GENERAL SOLUTION OF

NAVIER-STOKES EQUATION TO A SPECIFIC CASE

• EXAMPLE OF APPLICATION OF GENERAL SOLUTION OF

NAVIER-STOKES EQUATION TO A SPECIFIC CASE

• BREAKING THE THIRD SEAL

THE DIAMETER OF THE NEUTRINO IS THE KEY PRESUMPTION ON WHICH EVERY THING ELSE IS BASED.

RECALL THAT NEUTRINOS CAN BE CONVERTED INTO PHOTONS AND THUS HAVE THE SAME MASS, VOLUME

AND DENSITY AS PHOTONS WITH THE ONLY DIFFERENCE BEING THE ELECTRICAL CHARGE.

• P-STRING PHOTONS HAVE A POSITIVE CHARGE.

• NEUTRINOS HAVE A NEUTRAL CHARGE.

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• N-STRING PHOTONS HAVE A NEGATIVE CHARGE.

PHOTONS AND NEUTRINOS COMBINE TO FORM QUARKS. QUARKS AND ELECTRONS COMBINE TO FORM

PROTONS AND NEUTRONS.

N-STRING PHOTONS COMBINE TO FORM ELECTRONS.

P-STRING PHOTONS COMBINE TO FORM POSITRONS.

NEUTRINOS AND P-STRING PHOTONS COMBINE TO FORM UPQUARKS.

THREE UPQUARKS COMBINE WITH AN ELECTRON IN THE MIDDLE TO FORM A PROTON.

THREE UPQUARKS COMBINE WITH TWO ELECTRONS IN THE MIDDLE TO FORM A NEUTRON.

THE DIAMETER OF THE NEUTRINO ULTIMATELY DETERMINES THE DENSITY OF NEUTRINOS, PHOTONS, QUARKS, PROTONS AND NEUTRONS.

I BELIEVE THAT THE DENSITY OF NEUTRINOS, PHOTONS, ELECTRONS AND POSITRONS ARE ALL THE SAME.

FOR SIMPLICITY'S SAKE I WOULD ALSO PRESUME THAT INDIVIDUAL QUARKS HAVE THE SAME DENSITY AS

THE NEUTRINO.

HOWEVER, THE SAME CANNOT BE SAID FOR PROTONS AND NEUTRONS, WHICH ARE COMPOSED OF

QUARKS AND ELECTRONS. THEREFORE, I PRESUME THAT PROTONS WILL HAVE A LOWER DENSITY THAN

NEUTRINOS, AND NEUTRONS WILL HAVE AN EVEN LOWER DENSITY THAN PROTONS.

THE LAW OF GRAVITY IS AN INVERSE SQUARE LAW WHICH MEANS THAT THE SMALLER THE DIAMETER OF

THE NETUTRINO, THE GREATER THE INFLUENCE OF GRAVITY.

THE LAW OF MAGNETIC ATTRACTION IS AN INVERSE CUBE LAW, SO THAT MAGNETIC FIELDS EMITTED

FROM A POINT SOURCE, SUCH AS AN ELECTRON RAPIDLY ROTATING, GROW STRONGER AT A MUCH FASTER

RATE, AS THE DISTANCE TO THE SOURCE IS REDUCED, THAN THE ELECTRIC FIELD INFLUENCE WHICH IS

AN INVERSE SQUARE LAW.

CALCULATING THE DIAMETER OF A NEUTRINO

I BASE MY HYPOTHESIS AS TO THE DIAMETER OF THE NEUTRINO ON THE FREQUENCY OF THE GAMMA RAYS.

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Gamma Radiation

The gamma rays on earth are produced by emissions caused due to lightning, nuclear explosion, and radioactive decay. Nuclear reactions like fission, fusion, gamma decay and alpha decay also emit gamma rays. The frequency of gamma radiation ranges from 3 X 10^18 Hz to 5 X 10^22 Hz.

https://www.toppr.com/guides/physics/electromagnetic-waves/gamma-radiation/

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THE HIGHEST FREQUENCY GIVEN FOR THE NATURAL GAMMA RAY IS 5 X 10^22 Hz.

THE NEUTRINO IS THE DENSEST OBJECT IN THE UNIVERSE. THUS I PRESUME THAT THE DIAMETER OF THE

NEUTRINO WOULD BE BASED ON A FREQUENCY WHICH IS MUCH GREATER THAN THAT.

SO I ESTIMATE THAT THE HIGHEST POSSIBLE GAMMA WAVE IS MOST LIKELY: 1 x 10^32 Hz = 100000000000000000000000000000000 Hz

THE LENGTH OF A WAVE IS INVERSELY RELATED TO ITS FREQUENCY.

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Frequency to Wavelength Calculator

This frequency to wavelength calculator helps you determine the wavelength of a waveform based on the frequency.

It assumes that the wave is traveling at the speed of light which is the case for most wireless signals. The entry unit of frequency can be modified, the output wavelength is calculated in meters.

Formula:

λ = C/f

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Where,

λ (Lambda) = Wavelength in meters

c = Speed of Light (299,792,458 m/s)

f = Frequency

https://www.everythingrf.com/

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USING MY ESTIMATED FIGURE FOR THE GAMMA WAVE:

299792458 / (1 x 10^32) = 0.00000000000000000000000299792458

CALCULATING THE VOLUME OF A NEUTRINO

THE VOLUME OF A SPHERE IS CALCULATED FROM ITS DIAMETER.

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