Mastering Urdu: A Complete Guide to Grammar & Syntax by New Horizons - HTML preview

📌 Urdu Parts of Speech - Summary Table

Part of Urdu Example Example (Roman

Function Example (English)

Speech Name (Urdu) Urdu)

Noun مسا ۔ایگ لوکسا یلع Ali school gaya. Names of people,

Ali went to school.

places, or things

Adjective تفص Describes a noun ۔ےہ یھچا باتک ہی Yeh kitaab achi hai. This book is good.

Verb لعف Shows action I am eating food. ۔ںوہ اہر اھک اناھک ںیم Main khana kha raha

hoon.

Adverb Describes a verb ۔اگاھب ےس یزیت ہو Woh tezi se bhaga. He ran quickly. لاح فورح

Pronoun Replaces a noun Woh mere dost hain. ۔ںیہ ریمض تسود ےریم ہو They are my

friends.

Preposition فورح Shows relation The book is on the ۔ےہ رپ زیم باتک Kitaab maiz par hai. راج between words table.

Conjunction فورح Connects Ali and Ahmed ۔ےئآ دمحا روا یلع Ali aur Ahmed aaye. فطع words/clauses came.

ایک !ہاو Wah! Kya

Interjection Expresses emotions مسوم تروصبوخ khoobsurat mausam ہیئاجف فورح Wow! What a

۔ےہ beautiful weather.

hai.

📌 Urdu Syntax ( بیکرت یک ےلمج)

Definition:

Syntax refers to the arrangement of words in a sentence to form a grammatically correct and meaningful structure.

✅ Basic Word Order in Urdu

Urdu follows a Subject-Object-Verb (SOV) structure, which is different from English (which uses Subject-Verb-Object (SVO)).

Language Word Order Example Sentence

English SVO (Subject + Verb + Object) I eat an apple.

Urdu SOV (Subject + Object + Verb) ۔ںوہ اتاھک بیس ںیم (Main seb khata hoon.)

📌 Basic Sentence Structures in Urdu

Here are the different sentence structures with examples:

1️⃣ Simple Sentence (ہلمج ہداس)

A sentence with one subject and one verb.

Structure Example (Urdu) Roman Urdu English

Subject + Object + Verb ۔ںوہ اتیپ یناپ ںیم Main pani peeta hoon. I drink water.

Subject + Verb ۔ےہ اہر وس یلع Ali so raha hai. Ali is sleeping.

2️⃣ Negative Sentence (ہلمج یفنم)

To make a sentence negative, we add "ںیہن" (nahi) before the verb.

Structure Example (Urdu) Roman Urdu English

Subject + Object + ںیہن + Verb ۔اتیپ ںیہن یناپ ںیم Main pani nahi peeta. I do not drink water.

Subject + ںیہن + Verb ۔ایآ ںیہن ہو Woh nahi aya. He did not come.

3️⃣ Interrogative Sentence (ہلمج ہیلاوس)

To ask a question, we place "ایک" (kya) at the beginning or use a question word.

Structure Example (Urdu) Roman Urdu English

ایک + Subject + Object + Verb? ےتاھک اناھک مت ایک Kya tum khana khate

؟وہ Do you eat food?

ho?

Question Word + Subject + Object + Where are you ؟وہ ےہر اج ںاہک مت Tum kahan ja rahe ho?

Verb? going?

4️⃣ Compound Sentence (ہلمج بکرم)

A sentence with two independent clauses joined by a conjunction.

Structure Example (Urdu) Roman Urdu English

Clause 1 +

نکیل ںوہ اتہاچ انلیھک ںیم Main khelna chahta hoon lekin I want to play, but I

Conjunction + Clause ۔ےہ ںیہن تقو ساپ ےریم mere paas waqt nahi hai. don’t have time. 2

5️⃣ Complex Sentence (ہلمج ہدیچیپ)

A sentence that has one independent clause and one dependent clause.

Structure Example (Urdu) Roman Urdu English

Main Clause + رہاب مہ وت ،یگوہ شراب بج Jab barish hogi, to hum When it rains, we won’t Dependent Clause ۔ےگ ںیئاج ںیہن bahar nahi jayenge. go outside.

📌 Sentence Types Based on Tenses

Now let’s see how different tenses change sentence structure.

Tense Example (Urdu) Roman Urdu English

Present Simple ۔ںوہ اترک ماک ںیم Main kaam karta hoon. I work.

Present Continuous ۔ںوہ اہر رک ماک ںیم Main kaam kar raha hoon. I am working.

Present Perfect ۔ےہ ایل رک ماک ےن ںیم Main ne kaam kar liya hai. I have worked.

Past Simple ۔ایک ماک ےن ںیم Main ne kaam kiya. I worked.

Tense Example (Urdu) Roman Urdu English

Future Simple ۔اگ ںورک ماک ںیم Main kaam karoon ga. I will work.

📌 Word Order Differences (Urdu vs. English)

Urdu and English have different word order, especially with verbs and adjectives.

English Order Urdu Order Example (English to Urdu)

Adjective + Noun Noun + Adjective A beautiful house → رھگ تروصبوخ کیا

Verb + Object Object + Verb I eat apples → ۔ںوہ اتاھک بیس ںیم

Preposition + Noun Noun + Preposition Under the table → ےچین ےک زیم

✅ Key Urdu Syntax Rules

✔ Word Order: Subject + Object + Verb (SOV) ✔ Negation: "ںیہن" (nahi) comes before the verb ✔ Questions: Start with "ایک" (kya) or question words ✔ Conjunctions: Used to join compound & complex sentences ✔ Adjectives: Come after nouns in Urdu

Rearrange the Words Exercise Instructions: The words below are jumbled. Rearrange them to form correct Urdu sentences. Answers are provided at the end.

1. Simple Sentences

1. (raha / Ali / hai / parhna)

2. (achi / yeh / kitab / hai)

3. (rahi / bazar / ja / hoon / main)

4. (tez / se / daud / raha / hai / woh)

5. (mazedar / yeh / khana / hai)

2. Sentences with Prepositions

6. (hai / kitab / mez / par)

7. (neechay / hai / billi / kursi / ke)

8. (ke / samne / dukan / hai / school)

9. (mujhe / pani / ka / glass / chahiye)

10. (raha / ke / andar / hai / bacha)

3. Sentences with Conjunctions

11. (lekin / main / nahi / thak / hoon)

12. (kyunki / padhai / zaroori / hai / mehnat)

13. (aur / dost / ghoomne / gaya / Ali)

14. (khel / raha / mein / nahi / hoon / balki / kaam)

15. (aaj / lekin / nahi / dhoop / hai / zyada)

4. Sentences with Tenses

16. (padh / main / kal / raha / tha) (Past Continuous)

17. (kar / rahi / abhi / hoon / main / safai) (Present Continuous)

18. (ga / woh / kal / school / jayega) (Future Simple)

19. (hum / gaye / park / kal) (Past Simple)

20. (hai / ab / woh / so / raha) (Present Continuous)

Answers

1. Ali parhna raha hai. (Ali is studying.)

2. Yeh kitab achi hai. (This book is good.)

3. Main bazar ja rahi hoon. (I am going to the market.)

4. Woh tez se daud raha hai. (He is running fast.)

5. Yeh khana mazedar hai. (This food is delicious.)

6. Kitab mez par hai. (The book is on the table.)

7. Billi kursi ke neechay hai. (The cat is under the chair.)

8. School ke samne dukan hai. (The shop is in front of the school.)

9. Mujhe pani ka glass chahiye. (I need a glass of water.)

10. Bacha andar ja raha hai. (The child is going inside.)

11. Main thak nahi hoon lekin. (I am not tired, but...)

12. Mehnat zaroori hai kyunki padhai hai. (Hard work is important because of studies.)

13. Ali aur dost ghoomne gaya. (Ali and his friend went for an outing.)

14. Main kaam kar raha hoon balki nahi khel raha. (I am working instead of playing.)

15. Aaj dhoop hai lekin zyada nahi. (It is sunny today, but not too much.)

16. Main kal padh raha tha. (I was studying yesterday.)

17. Main abhi safai kar rahi hoon. (I am cleaning right now.)

18. Woh kal school jayega. (He will go to school tomorrow.)

19. Hum kal park gaye. (We went to the park yesterday.)

20. Woh ab so raha hai. (He is sleeping now.)