​APPENDIX B: GLOSSARY OF SUMERIAN TERMS

a-lá — ala-demon

an-ta — from above

asag — Asag

ba — break; split; breach

bar-šè — outward

d — divine determinative

du — come; go

è — go out; emerge; come forth

edin-na — in the steppe

giš-gi-a — reedbed

gidim — ghost

hé-am₃ — let it be so

hé-du₃ — build; establish

hé-gar — set; place

hé-gi₄ — return

hé-gub / gub — stand; take position

hé-ĝál — be present; exist here

hé-hul — be charged; become harmful

hé-pa₃ — appear; manifest

hé-zi — rise; awaken life-force

íl — ascend

im — clay

ká / ká-kur-ra — gate; gates of Kur

ki-aĝ₂ — beloved

ki-ta — from below

ku₄ — enter; go into

KUR / kur-ra — KUR; underworld; hollow

kur-kur-ra — of all lands

LIL / lil₂ — wind; air-current; spirit

maškim — maškim (attacker / enforcer spirit)

NIN — lady; queen; sovereign title

nu-un-zi — unbind; release bindings

tit — clay; mud

udug — udug-spirit

zi-ga — rise; come up