Conditional Immortality - Biblical Proof of Annihaliation in Hell by Douglas B. - HTML preview

Chapter 1

What is "Conditional Immortality" ?

A growing number of well-known Christian leaders, such as Dr. David R. Reagan, John R. Stott, Greg Boyd, Roger Forster (co founder of the March for Jesus events), Philip Hughes, Michael Green, Stephen Travis, and Clark Pinnock have declared support for part, or all, of the biblical doctrine of conditional immortality. Even the British Bible translator, William Tyndale, also defended Conditional Immortality during his lifetime. Also, the very well respected scholar F.F. Bruce states, "Eternal conscious torment is incompatible with the revealed character of God," so he chose to write the forward to an excellent evangelical book on this topic called, "The Fire that Consumes" by Edward Fudge.

While some call it annihilationism, simply stated, "Conditional Immortality" is the biblical belief that the "immortality" of the soul is not inherent (Greek philosophers thinking) but conditional (Biblical thinking) upon receiving the gift of everlasting life through faith in Jesus (Yeshua). It is part and parcel of the gospel. God alone has immortality -- anyone else becomes immortal only as a result of God's gracious gift (1 Timothy 6:16, Romans 2:7). For centuries, church theologians have wrongly assumed the Greek doctrine of the immortality of all souls. Therefore, it is no wonder that the message of immortality has been completely dropped from modern preaching. I ask you, when have you ever heard a message offering "immortality" as part of the gospel presentation? It is almost never done, because today most people falsely assume the soul is already immortal. Yet, immortality through Jesus (Yeshua) alone is what the Jewish Apostle Paul preached: * (He/Jesus), has destroyed death and has brought life and immortality to light through the gospel. (2 Timothy 1:9b-10)

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Paul clearly links immortality to the gospel. Paul did not believe the Greek philosophy of his day which taught the immortality of all souls. (see opening quotes) Before the Messiah, Jesus, came, no one had a chance at immortality because of sin. If they did, then Paul's statement would make no sense. Why would immortality come through the gospel if all had it from birth? The gospel would not have brought about immortality - since all had it. But look how Paul frames in immortality uniquely and only with believers...

* To those who by persistence in doing good seek glory, honor and immortality, he will give eternal life. (Romans 2:7) Notice Paul uses the word "seek" when speaking of immortality. None of these attributes he lists here are inherent to mankind. If they were, then the word "seek" would clearly be out of place. Again, Paul did not believe the Greek philosophers who taught the immortality of all souls, and neither did Yeshua (Jesus)...

* I am the living bread that came down from heaven. If anyone eats of this bread, he will live forever. (John 6:51) Again, why would Jesus Himself make this plain offer to "LIVE FOREVER" if everyone lived forever?

It is important to note that in Hebrew, the word for 'soul' (nehphesh) is never used in conjunction with the word "everlasting" in Tanach (The Hebrew Scriptures/Old Testament).

Likewise, in the New Testament writings, the word for 'soul' (psukee) is never used in conjunction with the words 'eternal' or 'everlasting'.

Again – it is an assumption (based upon Greek philosophy) – that the soul of mankind is eternal and can never be destroyed.

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The Jewish encyclopedia tells us the same thing:

The belief in the immortality of the soul came to

the Jews from contact with Greek thought and

chiefly through the philosophy of Plato, its

principal exponent, who was led to it through

Orphic and Eleusinian mysteries in which

Babylonian and Egyptian views were strangely

blended…

(http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?

artid=118&letter=I&search=immortality)

“Therefore, God's Gift of Eternal Life is the Answer to Humanity's Quest for Immortality and 'the Fountain of Youth' . Think about it, what is humanity's greatest desire – a greater desire than wealth, fame, true love or sexual gratification? From the ancient epic of Gilgamesh to Ponce De Leon's obsessive search for the fountain of youth to our modern-day compulsion to remain youthful-looking as long as possible, humanity is obsessed with the idea of immortality, the idea of living forever.” (from "Hell Know – Dispelling the eternal torture myth" with special thanks to its author Dirk Waren.)Yet most refuse to turn to God for this gift. Yet this immortality is exactly what the gospel offers. (2 Timothy 1:10, Romans 2:7, John 6:51) Again I ask you to read through all of the chapters here to see how unbiblical the concept of the immortality of the unsaved soul is. Immortality is reserved only for those who put their faith in Jesus (Yeshua). All the rest are destroyed (not preserved), (Matthew 10:28) after a period of time. They will suffer no more and no less than their sins deserve - then will be destroyed forever. And before you may falsely conclude that those who hold to "conditional immortality" believe the lost do not suffer at all for their sins, it is very obvious that they do.

Luke 12: 47-48 "And that servant, which knew his

lord's will, and prepared not himself, neither did

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according to his will, shall be beaten with many

stripes. But he that knew not, and did commit things

worthy of stripes, shall be beaten with few stripes."

The future they face on Judgment Day is 1) suffering in proportion for their sins (remember that Jesus only suffered six hours on the cross, so it is very likely that is the extent of maximum suffering for the worse sinner) – then 2) destruction, cremation. Yet all the lost will not receive same amount of suffering for their sins - before they are destroyed. God will see that they receive the exact amount of "stripes" they deserve. Some (like Hitler) will receive very many "stripes". Others will receive "few" as Yeshua (Jesus) says. After they have received their appropriate "stripes," then they will "perish" as John 3:16 states. ("perish" "apollumi" in Greek: be destroyed). The wages of sin is death (Romans 6:23, Revelation 2:11), not eternal existence in torment. Ezekiel states clearly that "the soul that sinneth, it shall die" (Ezekiel 18:4), and a plethora of other Bible verses and passages endorse this position.

Also, in regards to suffering, scripture seems to indicate that what the lost have suffered here on earth, for their sins, may actually count as partial payment then . (see Isaiah 40:2) Additionally, when we look at what Messiah Jesus did for us, in suffering for us, His suffering took place in this world, so it is clear that His suffering in this world will count as credit for believers in the next world.

Because we believe that Jesus suffered and died for us here (and that is the gospel), therefore, it is a safe assumption to believe that unbelievers who suffer terribly in this life will have that suffering count towards the payment for their sins. This alone helps explain why some (not all) sinners suffer in this world.

If this is true, it would certainly explain why there is suffering now on the part of the unsaved. Better to pay for it here than there. However, do not believe for a moment that those who

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hold to "Conditional Immortality" believe there is no payment for those who have done evil in this life. There will be then. Justice, in its proper amount, will be served. No more, no less, for God is Just.

Getting back to the concept of 'immortality', if you read John's gospel and think of the concept of "immortality" whenever you hear Jesus (Yeshua) speak of offering "life," it will make complete sense. I challenge you to read John's gospel and mentally insert the concept of "immortality' whenever you read of Jesus (Yeshua) offering "life". It makes complete sense.

Interestingly enough, it was the serpent who was first to suggest that sinners would not die, "And the serpent said unto the woman, Ye shall not surely die" (Genesis 3:4). Sadly, this is the same lie being told today, that everyone lives forever. Therefore, apart from the gospel, there is no immortality. Please read next chapter "Are all souls born immortal?"

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Chapte r 2

Are all souls born immortal?

This is a key question. Please take a moment and think about it. What you believe about the nature of the soul will be the lens by which you view the very important question about the fate of unbelievers.

It will affect how you present the good news to an unbeliever. Is immortality inherent or is immortality a gift that only believers receive? This is a question of immense proportions. I cannot stress this enough. The Greeks had one view, the scriptures have another.

* "Among major schools of Greek thought, only Epicureans denied the soul's immortality." (Craig S. Keener, The IVP Bible Background Commentary New Testament, Downers Grove, Inter Varsity Press, 1993, p.374)

* " 'immortality of the soul' , as normally understood, is not a Biblical doctrine…" (The International Bible Commentary, second edition, Grand Rapids, MI, Zondervan Publishing House, 1986, p.60 column 2) * "It is a truism that Plato's teaching has profoundly influenced Christian anthropology." (Forward by F.F. Bruce, The Fire that Consumes, Edward Fudge .)

If you believe the souls of unsaved men live forever, then which of these two statements do you believe?

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There really are only two choices.

1) Do you believe, "God cannot destroy the soul, (even

if He wanted to). The souls of all men are born

indestructible."

May I ask, on what basis do you believe this? Do you believe God cannot destroy the soul? Why? There are very few things God cannot do, and they all have to do with sinful behavior. God cannot be tempted to sin or do wrong. That's all God cannot do. So why would you believe God cannot destroy the soul, something that He Himself created? Does He lack the power? Does He lack the ability? There is absolutely no biblical foundation to the belief that God does not have the ability to destroy the soul.

2) Or do you believe,"God does have the ability to

destroy the soul, but chooses not to."

If this were true, then why would the specific word "destroy" even come up in the New Testament writings in relation to the unsaved? Why would God use the word "destroy" if He really will not destroy the soul? Is God trying to intentionally de-ceive us by using words that have a different meaning than what their plain meaning is? Isn't this a basic rule of hermeneutics? The literal meaning is the first meaning used unless context declares otherwise. Don't you have to redefine "destroy" in every single one of these instances in order to get something other than "destruction" as the final fate of the un-saved?

* Matthew 10:28...............rather fear him which is able to destroy both soul and body in hell

* James 4:12....................There is one lawgiver, who is able to save and to destroy

* Philippians 3:19.............Whose end is destruction * 2 Thessalonians 1:9........Who shall be punished with everlasting destruction * Hebrews 10:39...............But we are not of them who draw

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back unto perdition (Greek: destruction)

The great Inter-Varsity Press evangelical author, John R. Stott, (who also left the traditional view) brings up a well-argued point for 'conditional immortality', when he states: "…it would seem strange ... if people who are said to suffer destruction are in fact not destroyed; and ... it is difficult to imagine a perpetually inconclusive process of perishing". (J. Stott and D. Edwards, Essentials: A Liberal-Evangelical Dialogue (London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1988, p. 316); Stott is correct. Reread that statement. The word destruction is meaningless if there is not a point where the destruction is complete. In other words, you can't keep on destroying something for all eternity. It's a contradiction in terms. Therefore, conditional immortality correctly affirms the biblical position that the souls of the lost people will all be destroyed at the end of the age. (Revelation 20:15) This is what the scripture calls the "second death".

The first death is temporary. In the first death, only the body is destroyed in the graveyard. However, there will be a resurrection one day of all humanity, a bodily resurrection. The second death will never be followed by a resurrection. In the second death, the body and soul are both destroyed (not preserved), (Matthew 10:28) forever .

The second death could not mean eternal torment because it is linked to the first death. The numerical values "first" and "second" show that they are related terms, and therefore the deaths must be related too. In the first death, the body stops functioning. In the second death, the body and soul stop functioning forever. They are both destroyed. Yeshua (Jesus) says specifically "both" in Matthew 10:28. Sadly, traditional theology wrongly states that the soul cannot be destroyed - in clear contradiction to the Lord's word.

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Additionally, Jesus did NOT mention Gehenna (translated as hell) on more than about a half dozen occasions (Matt. 5:22,29,30, 10:28, 18:9, 23:15,33, Mark 9:43, and Luke 12:5) and notice, almost all are in the gospel of Matthew, the Jewish gospel. In His day, Gehenna was the Valley of Hinnom just south of Jerusalem.

The inhabitants of Jerusalem would just carry their garbage, including dead animals, bones, and other waste, outside the south gate of the city (still to this day called "the dung gate"), down the hill and into the "Valley of Hinnom," into GeHinnom (translated as hell in the New Testament). The waste that was dumped there was then either burned up in the fires that usually burned there, or it rotted away, being eaten by maggots and worms.

By the time of Yeshua (Jesus), the Valley of Hinnom had been used for centuries by the inhabitants of Jerusalem as their local garbage dump. Jesus' audience specifically knew about the valley of Hinnom, where the garbage was burned until it was gone, but they would have known nothing about a place where people are burned alive forever in an immortal state.

Scripture clearly states that Adam and Eve lost the chance at immortality in their natural state. "And the LORD God said, Behold, the man is become as one of us, to know good and evil: and now, lest he put forth his hand, and take also of the tree of life, and eat, and live forever:" (Genesis 3:22) If Adam and Eve would have eaten of the tree of life in their sinful state – that would have been a disaster. They would then have immortality ("live forever") in their sinful state. Therefore, God put a guard there to make sure they would not become immortal in this state. "So he drove out the man; and he placed at the east of the garden of Eden Cherubims, and a flaming sword which turned every way, to keep the way of the tree of life." (Genesis 3:24).

It is clear as a bell that God did not want them to live forever as sinners. He specifically stopped it from happening by placing angels and a flaming sword there to block the way. It

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is only by believing in Yeshua (Jesus) that mankind has another chance at immortality. "...and hath brought life and immortality to light through the gospel..." (2 Timothy 1:10). It will be on Resurrection Day that believers only will put on immortality: "... this mortal must put on immortality." (1 Corinthians 15:53).

Even traditional Judaism and Bible believers alike all correctly conclude that there will be a bodily resurrection one day. It is called the Tehiyyat ha-Metim = "the resurrection of the dead" and is even written in the traditional Jewish prayer 'the Shmona Esre'; and the writer of the book of Hebrews refers to this fact (the resurrection) as "foundational" teachings in Hebrews 6:1-2. However, those who hold to "conditional immortality" know that the lost will not gain immortality on resurrection day, but will be destroyed (cremated) only after suffering for their sins – no more and no less than they specifically deserve.

Evangelical Pastor Al Maxey, who after studying this now believes in conditional immortality, writes:

Trees with bad fruit are burned (Matthew 7:19), and so are unfruitful vines (John 15:6) and useless weeds (Matthew 13:40). These figures are all employed to depict the fate of sinners at the final reckoning. They will be cast into "unquenchable fire." This is the Greek word asbestos which means "inextinguishable." It describes a fire which burns without interruption; it is an enduring fire which none can extinguish no matter how hard they might try. It is important to notice here, however, that it is the fire that Jesus describes as enduring, NOT that which is cast into it. To try and transfer the quality of endurance from the fire itself to that which is cast into it is completely unwarranted either grammatically, logically, or theologically.

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That which is cast into the fire will BURN UP . This is the Greek word katakaio which means "to burn up; consume." It signifies to completely, utterly, totally destroy with fire. It is enlightening, in the context of this study, to note that this word is used in the LXX (Septuagint) in Exodus 3:2 where Moses beholds a burning bush --- "The bush was burning with fire, yet the bush was NOT consumed." This particular bush was preserved in the fire (what the traditionalists proclaim will happen with the wicked), yet Jesus disagrees with this doctrine. Jesus informs us that sinners will NOT be preserved in the fire (like the burning bush was), but rather will be "burned up" --- just the opposite of preservation. Thus, the view of final punishment promoted by many is actually in direct opposition to the teaching of Jesus Christ. Jesus says the wicked will NOT be preserved in the fire, the traditionalists say they WILL. Jesus says they will be consumed in the fire (unlike the burning bush), the traditionalists say just the opposite (that they will endure without being consumed, just as the bush). Whom will you believe? As for me and my family, we choose to believe JESUS. ( www.zianet.com/maxey/ ) Respected Messianic Rabbi, Loren Jacobs also correctly states...

The human soul is not immortal. The Torah

teaches us that in the beginning man was

banished from the Garden of Eden and

forbidden to eat from the Tree of Life, so that

he would not live forever, so that he would not

be immortal. Mankind is headed toward death -

the first death, followed by the Second Death.

He is not, by nature, immortal. In 1 Timothy

6:15 16, Paul says that God alone possesses

immortality - not us. In 1 Corinthians 15:53 the

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great Rabbi teaches that the redeemed will not

become immortal until the time of their

resurrection. "For this perishable must put on

the imperishable, and this mortal must put on

immortality." In other words, immortality is a gift

of God which He gives in His grace to the

redeemed at the time of their resurrection. In 2

Timothy 1:10, Paul states that because of the

appearing of our Savior, Messiah Yeshua, He

has abolished death and brought life and

immortality to light through the Gospel. It is

Yeshua who brings immortality to those who

receive the Message of Salvation that He

alone offers. There is no need to believe that

most human beings will suffer eternally in hell

if the human soul is not intrinsically immortal -

and it isn't. (https://shema.com/what-i-believe)

Another important point…

In John 3:16, the word 'perish' in the Greek is

"apollumi". It is correctly translated many other times

as 'destroy' throughout the New Testament. Therefore,

let's correctly understand John 3:16 as follows...

"For God so loved the world that He gave His only

begotten Son, that whosoever believes in Him shall not

perish (Gk: apollumi; be destroyed), but have

everlasting life (i.e. immortality - knowing God).

Therefore, the proper biblical question is not, "Where will you be in eternity ?", but " Will you have an eternity? "

Sadly, most of humanity will be destroyed on Judgment Day. They will not gain immortality. They will not gain life. Jesus states this plainly, "He that loveth his life shall lose it ; and he that hateth his life in this world shall keep it unto life eternal." John 12:25. It is life itself that we can 'keep' or 'lose'. As a 18

matter of fact, God’s choice for us is always "life" or "death" – never "life in bliss" or "life in eternal torment." He always urges us to "choose life."

Scripturally, the choice is between destruction (not preservation in torment), and life! (see Matthew 7:13-14, Romans 8:13, Galatians 6:8) Immortality is only for a select few... those who are born again ("who hath abolished death, and hath brought life and immortality to light through the gospel" 2 Timothy 1:10). The rest of humanity, after suffering according to the level of their sins, will be destroyed. The wages of sin for them will be death (Rom 6:23). God only has immortality -- anyone else becomes immortal only as a result of God's gracious gift (1 Timothy 6:16, Romans 2:7).

If you still doubt this, then look at what Jesus Himself clearly offers to the world....

"I am the living bread which came down from heaven:

if any man eat of this bread, he shall live forever…"

John 6:51.

Why would Jesus make such an offer... to "live forever" - if everyone lives forever, (as I have heard countless preachers say?) No, the truth is "living forever" is reserved only as a gift of the gospel. (hath brought life and immortality to light through the gospel" 2 Tim 1:10). The wicked will have to pay accordingly on Judgment Day, but their final destiny is destruction, cremation (not preservation). Apart from the gospel, there is no immortality.

Philippians 3:19 "Their destiny is destruction..."

How can it be any more plain than that? They will

be destroyed.

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