History of the Jews by Heinrich Graetz - HTML preview

INDEX.

• Aaron de la Papa, rabbi in Smyrna, anti-Sabbatian, 136.

• Abdul Meg'id, sultan of Turkey, 634.

• and the protection of the Turkish Jews, 662.
• and the Rhodes accusation, 647.
• emancipates the Jews of Turkey, 641.

• Abendana, Jacob, rabbi in London, 214.

• Abensur, Daniel, Jewish millionaire, 205.

• Aboab, Immanuel, defends Talmudical Judaism, 55.

• Aboab, Isaac, de Fonseca, rabbi at Amsterdam, and Spinoza's unbelief, 92–3.

• Kabbalist, 52, 54, 88.
• Sabbatian, 139, 160.

• Aboab, Samuel, rabbi at Venice, excommunicates Moses Chayim Luzzatto, 240–1.

• Abraham Ibn-Ezra, studied by Spinoza, 88.

• Abraham Vita di Cologna. See Vita, Abraham, di Cologna.

• Abt, Thomas, rival of Moses Mendelssohn, 303.

• Abudiente, Abraham Gideon, Sabbatian, 155.

• Abulafia, Moses, arrested on the blood-accusation in Damascus, 636.

• converted to Islam, 638.

• Abydos, Sabbataï Zevi at, 148–9, 151.

• Acosta, Gabriel. See Da Costa, Uriel.

• Act of Federation for the German states, and the Jews, 518–20.

• Adam Kadmon, Kabbalistic term, 121, 143.

• Adams, Hannah, historian of the Jews, 593.

• Adath Jeshurun, a separatist community in Amsterdam, 457.

• Admission of Jews into England, the feeling about, 44–7.

• Adrianople, Sabbatians at, 159.

• "Advice to the Representatives of the People," by Van Swieden, 453–4.

• Aguilar, de, Baron, frees the Moravian Jews from a tax, 252.

• intercedes for the Austrian exiles, 253.

• Ahmed Coprili, grand vizir, and the Sabbatians, 146.

• imprisons Sabbataï Zevi, 148.

• Aix-la-Chapelle, Congress of, and the emancipation of the Jews, 525–7.

• Akiba, disciples of, enthusiasm of, 724–5.

• Alenu prayer, the, attacked, 185, 191–2.

• Alexander I, of Russia, and the improvement of the condition of the Jews, 472–3, 525, 527.

• Alexandria, Jews of, and the Damascus blood-accusation, 647, 660.

• Algazi, Moses Joseph, rabbi at Cairo, supports Crémieux, 664.

• Algazi, Solomon, anti-Sabbatian, 144.

• Ali Ibn-Rahmadan, mathematician, 76.

• Alliance Israélite Universelle, the, foundation of, 664, 701–2.

• "Almansor," by Heine, 548–9.

• Almanzi, Jewish scholar, 622.

• Alsace, Jews of, appeal to Mendelssohn, 351.

• attacked, 437.
• discussed in the French Chamber, 524–5.
• impoverished by the Revolution, 474–5.
• money-lenders, 475–6.
• persecuted, 349–50.
• protected by the National Assembly, 446.
• restrictions imposed on, 347–9.
• taxed, 446.

• Amigo, Abraham, Talmudist, 126.

• Amschel, representative of the Frankfort Jews, 505.

• Amsterdam, Portuguese community of, prosperity of, 166–7.

• Sabbatians in, 138–41, 155.
• theological seminary at, 700.

• Anan, founder of the Karaites, 727.

• Ananites, the, rise of, 727.

• Andrade, Abraham, rabbi, member of the Assembly of Notables, 484, 490.

• "Anglo-Jewish Association, The," 703.

• Anteri, Jacob, rabbi, charged with Father Tomaso's murder, 638.

• "Anti-Phædon" by John Balthasar Kölbele, 316.

• Anti-Semitism, prevalence of, 704.

• Anti-Talmudists. See Frankists.

• Anton, Charles, apostate, defender of Eibeschütz, 267.

• "Apology for the Honorable Nation of the Jews," by Edward Nicholas, 28–9.

• Apostasy among the Jews of Germany, 420–22.

• Arari, David, and the Damascus blood-accusation, 636, 637, 638.

• "Are there means to make the Jews happier and more useful in France," prize essay in Metz, 434–5.

• Argent, d', intercedes for Moses Mendelssohn, 304.

• Arias, Joseph Szemach, translator, 113–14.

• Arnstein, von, Nathan Adam, husband of Fanny Itzig, 414.

• Ascarelli, Deborah, poetess, 68.

• Asher, Saul, defends the Jews, 463.

• Ashkenazi, Jacob, father of Chacham Zevi, Sabbatian, 150.

• Ashkenazi, Jacob Emden. See Emden, Jacob.

• Ashkenazi, Zevi, chacham at Amsterdam, father of Jacob Emden, anti-Sabbatian, cause of, espoused by the European rabbis, 227.

• denounces Chayon, 221–2.
• excommunicated, 226.
• excommunicates Chayon, 223–4.

• Asiré ha-Tikwah, by Joseph Penso, 112–13.

• Asser, Amsterdam deputy to the Synhedrion, 497.

• Asser, Carolus and Moses, active in the emancipation of the Dutch Jews, 453, 454.

• Astruc, Aristides, founder of the Alliance Israélite Universelle, 701.

• Atias, Isaac, da Costa, president of the Batavian National Assembly, 458.

• Attaman, Cossack chieftain, 2.

• Auerbach, Jacob, preacher at the Leipsic reform synagogue, 573.

• August, of Brunswick, and Jacob Jehuda Leon, 114–15.

• Augustus III, of Poland, protects the Frankists, 283.

• Austria, Jews of, emancipated, 697.

• establish the "Israelitische Allianz," 703.
• humiliated condition of, 508–9.
• legislation friendly to, 357–8.
• under restrictions, 579–80.

• Austrian Succession, War of the, and the Jews, 251–2.

• Autobiography by Solomon Maimon, 409.

• Ayllon, Solomon, Sabbatian rabbi at Amsterdam, characterization of, 214–15.

• distrusted by the Portuguese Council, 222.
• espouses Chayon's cause, 222–3.
• loose life of, 210.
• on Chacham Zevi, 221.
• passes judgment on Chayon's book, 224.
• repudiates Chayon, 231.

• Baal-Shem (Baal-Shemtob). See Israel of Miedziboz.

• Babylonian exile, the, changes during, 719–20.

• Baden, Jews of, show gratitude to Riesser, 601.

• the "hep, hep" persecution in, 530.

• Bail, defender of the Jews, 522.

• Bailly, mayor of Paris, and the emancipation of the Jews, 445.

• Baki, Simon, rabbi, superstition of, 201–2.

• Bamberg, Jews of, persecuted, 529.

• Barebones Parliament, the, Puritan character of, 34.

• Barlæus, Caspar, and Manasseh ben Israel, 22.

• Barnave favors the emancipation of the Jews, 441.

• Barrios, de, Daniel, historian, 202, 204.

• Baruch, Jacob, father of Börne, deputy of the Frankfort Jews in Vienna, 513.735

• Baruch, Löb (Louis). See Börne, Ludwig.

• Basnage, Jacob, historian of the Jews, 195–97.

• banishment of, 196.

• Bassan, Isaiah, teacher of Moses Chayim Luzzatto, 235, 238, 239, 241.

• Batavian Republic, the. See Holland.

• Baudin, secretary of Ratti Menton, 637.

• Bavaria, Jews of, partially emancipated, 508.

• Bayonne, the Jewish community of, 436.

• Bayreuth, the "hep, hep" persecution in, 530.

• Beer, Jacob, private synagogue of, 563.

• Beer, of Mizricz, founder of the new Chassidim, 375, 379–83.

• and Solomon Maimon, 407.
• death of, 392.
• introduces the Portuguese ritual among the Chassidim, 386–7.

• Belgium, Catholic agitation in, hostile to Jews, 655.

• "Belief of the Universe, The," by Nehemiah Chayon, 219–20.

• Belillos, Jacob, rabbi at Venice, pronounces against Moses Chayim Luzzatto, 239.

• "Bellerophon" by Lefrank, 471–2.

• Belmonte, Manuel, Marrano poet, 113.

• Belmontes, the, Jewish millionaires, 205.

• Ben-David, Lazarus, lecturer on Kant's philosophy, 409–10.

• member of the "Society for the Culture and Science of the Jews," 583.

• Benedictus XIV, pope, petitioned to acquit the Jews of the blood-accusation, 282.

• Benet, Mordecai, rabbi, orthodox leader, 567.

• protests against the Temple innovations, 572.

• Benisch, Abraham, founder of the Anglo-Jewish Association, 703.

• Ben Usiel, disciple of Bernays, opposes the reform movement, 627.

• Benvenisti, Chayim, rabbi at Smyrna, Sabbatian, 136, 155.

• Ben-Zeeb, one of the Measfim, 400.

• Berachya, son of Jacob Querido, accepted successor of Sabbataï Zevi, 211.

• Berish. See Beer of Mizricz.

• Berlin, Jewish physicians of, restricted, 461.

• Berlin, Jews of, apply to be baptized, 421–2.

• converted, 587.
• petition for the repeal of anti-Jewish laws, 414–15.
• under Frederick the Great, 294–5.

• "Berlin religion, the," 333.

• Berlin, the progressive party in, 418.

• the reform movement in, 563, 683, 686–7.

• Bernal, Abraham Nuñes, martyr, 92.

• Bernal, Marcos da Almeyda, martyr, 92.

• Bernard, Isaac, employer of Moses Mendelssohn, 296.

• Bernays, Isaac, chacham of the Hamburg congregation, 574–8.

• and the Mendelssohn school, 575.
• as a preacher, 577.
• changes introduced by, 577–8.
• characterization of, 574.
• denounces the Hamburg Temple liturgy, 673.
• influences Steinheim, 602.

• Bernays, Jacob, organizer of the Breslau seminary, 700.

• Bernstorff, Danish minister, decides against Eibeschütz, 265.

• Bernstorff, deputy from Holstein to the Congress of Vienna, and the emancipation of the Jews, 519, 527.

• Berr, Berr Isaac, representative of the Lorraine Jews, 431.

• has the Bible translated into French, 449.
• in the National Assembly, 438, 440, 490.
• member of the Assembly of Notables, 482, 486, 487.
• urges improvements upon the French Jews, 448–9.

• Berr, Cerf, representative of the Alsatian Jews, 351, 436.

• and the emancipation of the French Jews, 430–31.
• spreads Dohm's Apology, 431.
• spreads Mendelssohn's Pentateuch translation in France, 430.

• Berr, Lipmann Cerf, addresses the Assembly of Notables, 487.736

• Berr, Michael, first Jewish attorney in France, champions the Jews at the Congress of Aix-la-Chapelle, 527.

• fills a position in Westphalia, 500.
• intercedes for the Jews with the princes of Europe, 460–61.
• member of the Assembly of Notables, 482.
• member of the Westphalian consistory, 501.

• Bertolio, abbé, favors the emancipation of the Jews, 445.

• Besht. See Israel of Miedziboz.

• Beugnot, state councilor under Napoleon, friendly to the Jews, 480.

• helps to frame the Westphalian constitution, 500.

• Beyrout, Jews of, protected by European consuls, 641.

• "Bible for Israelites, The," by Sachs, 693.

• Bible, the, characterized by Heine, 553–5.

• Biblical exegesis, 695–6.

• "Biblical Orient, The," ascribed to Isaac Bernays, 575–6.

• Biester proposes a statue to Moses Mendelssohn, 372.

• Bing, Isaiah Berr, refutes the charges against the Alsatian Jews, 434.

• Bloch, Matathias, emissary of Sabbataï Zevi, 133, 137.

• Blood-accusation, the, at Damascus. See Chap. XVII.

• Benedictus XIV petitioned to acquit the Jews of, 282.
• Clement XIII acquits the Jews of, 285–6.

• Blood-accusation, the, groundlessness of, asserted by Moses Germanus, 177.

• by Neander, 650.
• by Simon, 176.
• by the rabbis of London, 654–5.
• by Wagenseil, 187.
• by Wülfer, 185.

• Blood-accusation, the, in Jülich, 642.

• in Rhodes, 640–41.

• Bohemia, Jews of, banished, 252–3.

• taxed heavily, 508.
• under restrictions, 523.

• Bonafides, character in "Nathan the Wise," 325.

• Bonafoux, Daniel Israel, Sabbatian, 207, 208.

• Bonald, Louis Gabriel Ambroise, hostility of, to the Jews, 477–8.

• Bonifaccio, Balthasar, accuser of Sarah Sullam, 70.

• Bonnet, Caspar, a Geneva author, and Moses Mendelssohn, 309, 313–314.

• Bordeaux, Jews of, unrestricted, 499.

• the Jewish community of, 435, 436.
• the Portuguese Jewish community of, 341–2.

• Börne, Ludwig, a figure in Jewish history, 536–44.

• and the reaction, 541–2.
• as a political leader, 556.
• attitude of, towards Judaism, 538, 540.
• champions the Jews, 542–4.
• characterization of, 538.
• compared with Heine, 544.
• converted, 542.
• employed in the ducal police of Frankfort, 505, 541.
• in German literature, 537.
• Jewish qualities of, 538–9.
• publishes a journal, 542.
• 's love of liberty, 538–9.
• 's opinion of the Jews, 539–40.
• style of, 556.

• Bourbons, the, and the emancipation of the Jews, 596.

• Brancas, de, duc, derives an income from the Jews of Metz, 348, 446.

• Brandenburg, Jews settle in, 173–4.

• Breidenbach, Wolff, and the abolition of the poll-tax, 466–8, 472.

• Bremen, Jews of, emancipated, 507.

expelled, 520.

under restrictions, 512.

• Brendel, professor at Würzburg, friendly to the Jews, 528.

• Breslau, a theological seminary founded in, 699, 700.

the confirmation ceremony introduced in, 573.

the reform movement in, 682.

• Bresselau, Mendel J., one of the Measfim, Hebrew stylist, 398–9, 672.

opposes the omission of Hebrew from the prayers, 564.

writes against the orthodox party, 572.

• Brieli, Jehuda Leon, rabbi at Mantua, condemns Chayon, 225, 226.

culture of, 200.

• Brody, culture strivings in, 612.

• Broglie, de, duc, opposes the emancipation of the Jews of Alsace, 447.737

• Bromet, Herz, active in the emancipation of the Dutch Jews, 453, 454, 458.

• Brühl, Saxon minister, and the Eibeschütz controversy, 263.

• Brunswick, conference of rabbis at, 677–8, 681–2.

Jews of, under restrictions, 512.

• Buchholz, a writer hostile to the Jews, 468.

• Buda-Pesth, theological seminary at, 700.

• Buena, David, de Mesquito, Jewish millionaire, 205.

• Buol Schauenstein, von, count, president of the Diet, and the Frankfort Jews, 530.

• Buxtorf, John, senior, Hebrew scholar, 21.

• Byk, Jacob Solomon, member of the Galician school, 617.

• Caballo, Jules, founder of the Alliance Israélite Universelle, 701.

• Caceres, de, Simon, Marrano in London, 49.

• Cairo, Jewish schools opened at, 664.

• Calabrese. See Vital, Chayim.

• Campo Formio, peace of, and the poll-tax, 464.

• "Can the Jews remain in their present condition without harm to the state?" an anti-Jewish tract, 469–70.

• Cansino family, the, dragomans in Oran, 169.

• Capo d'Istrias, and the emancipation of the Jews, 527.

• "Captives of Hope, The," by Joseph Penso, 112–13.

• Cardoso, Abraham Michael, Sabbatian, 163–5.

◦ announces himself as the Ephraimite Messiah, 207–8.

• Cardoso, Abraham Michael, works of, forbidden, 220–21.

studied by Eibeschütz, 248.

• Cardoso, Isaac (Fernando), anti-Sabbatian, 163–4.

writer, 163, 188.

• Carlsruhe, the confirmation ceremony introduced in, 573.

the "hep, hep" persecution in, 530.

• Carpentras, the Jewish community of, 436.

• Carvajal, Fernandez, Marrano in London, 38, 49.

• Castellane, de, advocates freedom of conscience in the National Assembly, 439.

• Castro, de, speaker at the London meeting in behalf of the Damascus Jews, 653.

• Castro, de, Balthasar Orobio, Marrano physician, 115–17.

• Castro, de, Bendito (Baruch Nehemiah), Marrano physician, Sabbatian, 140–1, 150.

• Castro, de, Isaac Orobio, writer, character of, 199–200.

refutes Spinoza's philosophy, 167.

• Castro-Tartas, de, Isaac, Marrano martyr, 31–2.

• Ceba, Ansaldo, friend of Sarah Sullam, 69–70.

• Chacham Zevi. See Ashkenazi, Zevi.

• Chages, Jacob, scholar at Jerusalem, 126.

teacher of Nathan Ghazati, 130.

threatens Sabbataï Zevi with excommunication, 132.

• Chages, Moses, and Moses Chayim Luzzatto, 238–9, 241.

and Nehemiah Chayon, 222–4, 227.

excommunicated, 226.