Urban Operations by Department of the Army - HTML preview

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Van Sickle, Jeffrey B. “Stability Operations in Northern Iraq: Task Force Altun Kupri.” Infantry (January/February 2005): 25–29.

Watson, Bruce Allen. Sieges: A Comparative Study. Westport, CT: Praeger, 1993.

26 October 2006

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References-7

References

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RECOMMENDED READINGS

The following sources contain relevant supplemental information.

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Blaufarb, Douglas S. The Counterinsurgency Era: U.S. Doctrine and Performance 1950 to Present.

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Bulloch, Gavin. “Military Doctrine and Counterinsurgency: A British Perspective.” Parameters (summer 1996): 4–16.

Urban Combat Operations: Tactics, Techniques and Procedures. Center for Army Lessons Learned (CALL) Newsletter No. 99-16 (Fort Leavenworth, KS: Center for Army Lessons Learned,

U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command [TRADOC], November 1999).

Cordesman, Anthony H. and Abraham R. Wagner. The Lessons of Modern War—Volume II: The Iran-Iraq War. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1990.

Corum, James S. and Wray R. Johnson. Airpower in Small Wars: Fighting Insurgents and Terrorists.

Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas, 2003.

Desch, Michael C., ed. Soldiers in Cities: Military Operations on Urban Terrain. Carlisle Barracks, PA: Strategic Studies Institute, 2001.

Duffy, Christopher. Fire & Stone: The Science of Fortress Warfare, 1660–1860. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 1996.

______. The Fortress in the Age of Vauban and Frederick the Great, 1660–1789: Siege Warfare Volume I. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1985.

______. Siege Warfare: The Fortress in the Early Modern World, 1494–1660. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1979.

Edwards, Sean J. A. Mars Unmasked: The Changing Face of Urban Operations. Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 2000.

Eikenberry, Karl W. “Take No Casualties.” Parameters (summer 1996): 109–118.

Erickson, John. The Road to Berlin: Continuing the History of Stalin’s War with Germany. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1983.

Gerwehr, Scott and Russell W. Glenn. The Art of Darkness: Deception and Urban Operations. Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 2000.

Glenn, Russell W. Combat in Hell: A Consideration of Constrained Urban Warfare. Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 1996.

References-8

FM 3-06

26 October 2006

References

______. Marching Under Darkening Skies: The American Military and Impending Urban Operations Threat. Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 1998.

Glenn, Russell W., ed. Capital Preservation: Preparing for Urban Operations in the Twenty-First Century: Proceedings of the RAND Arroyo-TRADOC-MCWL-OSD Urban Operations

Conference, March 22-23, 2000. Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 2001.

Glenn, Russell W. et al. Denying the Widow-Maker, Summary of Proceedings, RAND-DDBL

Conference on Military Operations on Urbanized Terrain. Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 1999.

______. Getting the Musicians of Mars on the Same Sheet of Music: Army, Joint, Multinational, and Interagency C4ISR Interoperability. Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 2000.

Glenn, Russell W. et al., eds. The City’s Many Faces: Proceedings of the RAND Arroyo-MCWL-J8

UWG Urban Operations Conference, April 13-14, 1999. Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 2000.

Gouré, Leon. The Siege of Leningrad. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1962.

Grau, Lester W. and Jacob W. Kipp. “Urban Combat: Confronting the Specter.” Military Review (July/August 1999): 9–17.

Groves, John R. “Operations in Urban Environments.” Military Review (July/August 1998): 30–39.

Habeck, Mary R. Lecture. “Jihadist Strategies in the War on Terrorism.” Washington, DC: The Heritage Foundation, 8 November 2004. Available at

http://www.heritage.org/research/nationalsecurity/hl855.cfm.

Hahn, Robert F., II and Bonnie Jezior. “Urban Warfare and the Urban Warfighter of 2025.”

Parameters (summer 1999): 74–86.

Harman, Nicholas. Dunkirk: The Patriotic Myth. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1980.

Heckstall-Smith, Anthony. Tobruk: The Story of a Siege. New York: W. W. Norton, 1959.

Hibbert, Christopher. The Battle of Arnhem. London: Batsford, 1962.

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Jackson, W. G. F. The Battle for Italy. New York: Harper & Row, 1967.

Karslake, Basil. 1940 – The Last Act: The Story of the British Forces in France After Dunkirk.

Hamden, CT: Archon Books, 1979.

Kostof, Spiro. The City Shaped: Urban Patterns and Meanings Through History. London: Thames and Hudson, 1999.

______. The City Assembled: The Elements of Urban Form Throughout History. Boston: Little Brown and Company, 1999.

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Larson, Eric. Casualties and Consensus: The Historical Role of Casualties in Domestic Support of U.S. Military Operations. Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 1996.

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______. “The World Turned Upside Down: Military Lessons of the Chechen War.” Armed Forces Journal International (August 1998): 40–43.

McKee, Alexander. Caen: Anvil of Victory. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1964.

McLaurin, R. D. “Military Forces in Urban Antiterrorism.” Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD: U.S.

Army Human Engineering Laboratory, 1989.

McLaurin, R. D. and R. Miller. “Urban Counterinsurgency: Case Studies and Implications for U.S.

Military Forces.” Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD: U.S. Army Human Engineering

Laboratory, 1989.

Mercier, Charles E. “Terrorists, WMD, and the U.S. Army Reserve.” Parameters (autumn 1997): 98–

118.

Milton, T. R. “Urban Operations: Future War.” Military Review (February 1994): 37–46.

26 October 2006

FM 3-06

References-9

References

Moskin, J. Robert. Among Lions: The Battle for Jerusalem, June 5–7, 1967. New York: Ballantine Books, 1982.

Northam, Ray M. Urban Geography. New York: Wiley, 1975.

Peters, Ralph. “The Culture of Future Conflict.” Parameters (winter 1995 96): 18–27.

______. “The Future of Armed Warfare.” Parameters (autumn 1997): 50–59.

______. “The Human Terrain of Urban Operations.” Parameters (spring 2000): 4–12.

Robertson, William G., ed. Block by Block: The Challenges of Urban Operations. Fort Leavenworth, KS: U.S. Army Command and Staff College Press, 2003.

Rosenau, William G. “‘Every Room is a New Battle’: The Lessons of Modern Urban Warfare.”

Studies in Conflict and Terrorism (October–December 1997): 371–394.

Scalard, Douglas. “People of Whom We Know Nothing: When Doctrine Isn’t Enough.” Military Review (July/August 1997): 4–11.

Scales, Robert H. “The Indirect Approach: How U.S. Military Forces Can Avoid the Pitfalls of Future Urban Warfare.” Armed Forces Journal International (October 1998): 68–74.

Siegel, Adam B. Eastern Exit: The Noncombatant Evacuation Operation (NEO) from Mogadishu, Somalia, in January 1991. Alexandria, VA: Center for Naval Analyses, 1992.

Spiller, Roger J. Sharp Corners: Urban Operations at Century’s End. Fort Leavenworth, KS: Combat Studies Institute, 2001.

Stech, Frank J. “Winning CNN Wars.” Parameters (autumn 1994): 37–56.

Stevenson, Jonathan. Losing Mogadishu: Testing U.S. Policy in Somalia. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 1995.

Taw, Jennifer Morrison and Bruce Hoffman. The Urbanization of Insurgency: The Potential Challenge to U.S. Army Operations. Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 1994.

Tully, Andrew. Berlin: Story of a Battle. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1977.

United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. World Urbanization Prospects: The 2003 Revision. New York: United Nations, 2003.

Vick, Alan et al. Aerospace Operations in Urban Environments: Exploring New Concepts. Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 2000.

Wykes, Alan. The Siege of Leningrad. New York: Ballentine Books Inc., 1968.

References-10

FM 3-06

26 October 2006

Index

environment, 6-41

A

defensive considerations, 8-

29–8-54

operations, 5-59–5-96, 6 -

add-on protection, 10-51

consolidate, 8-51

29, 7-65, 9-24

aerial delivery, 10-46

engage, 8-46–8-50

systems, 4-65–4-71

air and missile defense, 4-48–

shape, 8-34–8-45

infrastructure, 6-37, 9-41–9-42

4-53

transition, 8-52–8-54

instability, 3-39–3-42

understand, 8-30–8-33

area defense, 8-21

insurgencies, 1-33, 2-83, 3-51

defensive operations, 8-1–8-54

attack, 7-36

characteristics, 8-2–8-18

integration

attrition, 6-31

purpose, 8-1

land operations, 5-17–5-96

conventional and SOF, 5-

B

depth, 8-48

97–5-98

battle damage assessment, 10 -

disease, 10-67–10-69

intelligence, 3-27–3-28, 4-2–4 -

52

E

17, 10-11–10-12

battlefield, multidimensional,

economy, 2-81–2-83, 9-28, 10

investment of resources, 10 -

airspace, 2-12

-

3

109

subsurface, 2-16

IPB, 4-5–4-8

supersurface, 2-15

economy of force, 8-42

surface, 2-13–2-14

Isolation, 6-11–6-14,8-35–8-36

electronic warfare, 5-70

battlefield organization, 7-12–7

ISR, 8-47

-

end state, 6-27

26

energy, 2-78–2-80

K-L

C

engineer support, 10-108–10 -

key tactical considerations, 4-

casualties, 5-5

113

72–4-82

CBRNE incidents, 9-10

EOD, 10-80–10-85

land operations, 5-17–5-96

civil-military operations, 5-89–

evacuation, 10-72–10-75

legal support, 10-97–10-107

5-96

international and host

exploitation, 7-37–7-38

nation, 10-100–10-102

civil support, p. 9-1, 9-1–9-52

F-G

U.S. Law, 10-103

civilian,

factions, 3-38–3-61

legitimacy, 9-43-9-44, 9–46–9 -

control, 9-46–9-47

47

military projects and, 10-92

financial,

compensation, 10-91

liaison, 4-11–4-16, 5-102

civilians, 10-64–10-66, 10-106–

management, 10-89–10-93

10-107

M-N

fire fighting, 10-110–10-112

collateral damage, 5-9, 6-34

maintenance,

fire support, 4-30–4-42

combat stress, 10-70–10-71

resources, 10-53

food preparation, 10-39–10-40

support, 10-47–10-53

command and control, 4-56–4

-

71

force protection, 9-19–9-21

measures of effectiveness, p.

9-7, 9-17

commitment, 9-48–9-52

force tailoring, 10-24

media, 2-71–2-74, 4-59, 5-36

computer network operations,

H

5-71–5-74

military deception, 5-33, 5-36,

health protection, 10-60–10-79

5-51, 5-69

contracting, 10-93

human ,

mobile defense, 8-22–8-24

counterattacks, 8-45, 8-50

assistance, 3-43–3-49

mobility advantage, 8-40–8-41

counterdeception, 5-80

capabilities, 5-39–5-44

component, 2-62

modular design, 10-23

counterintelligence, 5-78–5-79

dimension, 6-39–6-40

mortuary affairs, 10-44–10-45

countermobility, 4-29

intelligence, 4-9–4-16, 5 -

movement and maneuver, 4

counterpropaganda, 5-81–5-82

-

39–5-44

18–4-19

critical infrastructure, 6-37

resources, 10-86–10-88

services, 2-84

movement to contact, 7-34-7 -

D

shields, 3-25–3-26

35

decisive operations, 7-13–7-1,

I-J

nonbattle injury, 10-67-10-69

9-11

nonlethal force, 10-104–10-105

information ,

decisive points, 6-18

assurance, 5-76

26 October 2006

FM 3-06

Index-1

Index

O

pursuit, 7-39

threat effects, 10-59

objectives, political and military,

R

training, 1-37, 6-16

9-16–9-18

rapid recovery, 10-48

transition control, 6-42

obstacle plan, 8-49

religious support, 10-94–10-96

transportation support, 10-54–

obstacles, 10-57

climate, 10-95

10-55

offensive characteristics, 7-2–

local, 10-96

treatment, 10-76–10-79

7-26

morale, ethical, 10-95

audacity, 7-11

U-V

replace forward, 10-49–10-50

concentration, 7-5

urban area,

surprise, 7-3–7-4

resources, 2-64–2-66, 5-7–5-8,

defined, 1-3

tempo, 7-6–7-10

6-8

strategic importance, 1-4

offensive considerations, 7-40–

restrictions, 10-14

urban environment, 1-7–1-12

7-95

retrograde, 8-25–8-28

understanding, 2-1–2-86, 4-

consolidate, 7-83–7-88

reward program, 10-91

1–4-82

engage, 7-74–7-82

risk assessment, 6-6–6-7

urban infrastructure, 2-59–2-86

shape, 7-53–7-73

reduction, 5-15–5-16

urban ISR, 5-31–5-58

transition, 7-89–7-95

understand, 7-41–7-52

rules of engagement, 5-19–5-

urban model, 2-26–2-42

26

offensive maneuver, 7-28–7-

urban operational framework,

33,

S

6-1–6-27

envelopment, 7-28

consolidate, 6-22

shaping operations, 7-20, 9-12

frontal attack, 7-33

engage, 6-17–6-21

infiltration, 7-30

shortages, 3-43–3-45

shape, 6-9–6-16

penetration, 7-31–7-32

solatia, 10-91

transition, 6-23–6-27

turning movement, 7-29

understand, 6-3–6-8

split-based operations, 10-25

offensive operations, 7-1–7-95,

urban operations, 1-1–1-41

stability operations, 9-7–9-8

characteristics, 7-2–7-26

concept of, 5-18

battlefield organization, 9-5–

forms and types, 7-27–7-39

determining the necessity,

9-13

purpose, 7-1

5-1–5-16

characteristics, 9-2–9-4

full spectrum , p. 1-3, 1-29–

operations security, 5-62–5-65

considerations, 9-14––9-52

1-34

organizations,

purpose, 9-1

fundamentals, 6-28–6-42

criminal, 3-55–3-57

storage and distribution, 10-

historical significance, 1-5–

nongovernmental, 9-22

36–10-38

1-22

other agencies,

supply and field services, 10-

joint, interagency, and

synchronization, 5-99–5-

28-10-46

multinational, 1-24-1-28,

103

support areas, 10-19

1-36

modern, 1-23-1-41

P-Q

supporting resources, 8-37–8-

preparing for future, 1-35–1-

patterns,

39

41

linear, 2-20

survivability, 4-44–4-47, 10-4

urban society, 2-43–2-58

major, 2-17–2-21

sustainment ,

urban terrain, 2-7–2-42

network, 2-19

characteristics, 10-1–10-9

street patterns, 2-22–2-25

satellite, 2-18

force agility, 10-22–10-25

multidimensional, 2-8–2-16

segment, 2-21

functions, 10-26–10-113

urban patterns, 2-17–2-21

grid, 2-24

logistics, 10-10–10-21

irregular, 2-25

operations, 7-21–7-26, 9-

urban threat, 3-1–3-61

lesser street, 2-22–2-24

13, 10-1–10-2

asymmetrical and adaptive,

radial, 2-23

3-1

objectives, 3-5–3-20

physical,

T

tactics, 3-21–3-36

destruction, 5-75

tactical considerations, 4-72–4-

WMD, 3-2–3-4

security, 5-77

82

urban warrior, 1-38–1-40

population, 2-47–2-49, 3-22–3-

combat power, 4-77–4-80

28, 8-43–8-44, 10-58

decision making, 4-82

urbanization, negative effects,

distance, 4-74–4-76

3-37–3-61

protection, 4-43–4-53

levels of war, 4-81

vulnerabilities, 5-11–5-13

psychological operations, 5-

time, 4-73

66–5-68

tempo, 3-11–3-12, 7-6–7-10

W-Z

public affairs, 5-83–5-88

terminals, 10-56

warfighting functions, 4-1–4-71

Index-2

FM 3-06

26 October 2006

Index

waste management, 10-113

water purification, 10-41–10-43

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FM 3-06

Index-3

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FM 3-06

26 October 2006

By Order of the Secretary of the Army:

PETER J. SCHOOMAKER

General, United States Army

Chief of Staff

Official:

JOYCE E. MORROW

Administrative Assistant to the

Secretary of the Army

0627803

DISTRIBUTION:

Active Army, Army National Guard, and U. S. Army Reserve: To be distributed in accordance with initial distribution number 111233, requirements for FM 3-06.

PIN: 080805-000