​Bibliography

Althusser, Louis. 1971. "Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses (Notes towards an Investigation)." In Lenin and Philosophy and Other Essays, translated by Ben Brewster, 127–86. New York: Monthly Review Press.

Anderson, Benedict. 2016. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. Revised edition. London: Verso.

Aristotle. 1999. Nicomachean Ethics. Translated by Terence Irwin. 2nd ed. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company.

Badiou, Alain. 2005. Being and Event. Translated by Oliver Feltham. London: Continuum.

Bataille, Georges. 2012. Eroticism. Translated by Mary Dalwood. London: Penguin.

Bourdieu, Pierre. 1977. Outline of a Theory of Practice. Translated by Richard Nice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Buber, Martin. 1996. I and Thou. Translated by Walter Kaufmann. 1st Touchstone ed. New York: Touchstone.

Butler, Judith. 2006. Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity. Routledge Classics. London: Routledge.

Chiesa, Lorenzo. 2016. The Not-Two: Logic and God in Lacan. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Dawkins, Richard. 2006. The Selfish Gene. 30th anniversary ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Dostoevsky, Fyodor. 1993. Crime and Punishment. Translated by Richard Pevear and Larissa Volokhonsky. New York: Vintage Classics.

Dostoevsky, Fyodor. 1993. Notes from Underground. Translated by Richard Pevear and Larissa Volokhonsky. New York: Vintage Classics.

Drescher, Seymour. 1977. Econocide: British Slavery in the Era of Abolition. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press.

Foucault, Michel. 1977. Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison. Translated by Alan Sheridan. New York: Pantheon Books.

Geuss, Raymond. 2008. Philosophy and Real Politics. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Girard, René. 1986. The Scapegoat. Translated by Yvonne Freccero. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

Greene, Joshua D., et al. 2001. An fMRI Investigation of Emotional Engagement in Moral Judgment. Science 293 (5537): 2105–2108.

Haidt, Jonathan. 2012. The Righteous Mind: Why Good People Are Divided by Politics and Religion. New York: Pantheon Books.

Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich. 1991. Elements of the Philosophy of Right. Translated by H. B. Nisbet. Edited by Allen W. Wood. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Haslam, Nick. 2006. Dehumanization: An Integrative Review. Personality and Social Psychology Review 10 (3): 252–72.

Hume, David. 1978. A Treatise of Human Nature. 2nd ed. Edited by L. A. Selby-Bigge and P. H. Nidditch. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Jaspers, Karl. 1971. Philosophy of Existence. Translated by Richard F. Grabau. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.

Kant, Immanuel. 1998. Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals. Translated and edited by Mary Gregor. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Kant, Immanuel. 1997. On a Supposed Right to Lie from Philanthropy. In Practical Philosophy, translated and edited by Mary Gregor, 611–15. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Kierkegaard, Søren. 1983. Fear and Trembling. Translated by Howard V. Hong and Edna H. Hong. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Kierkegaard, Søren. 1992. Concluding Unscientific Postscript to "Philosophical Fragments." Translated by Howard V. Hong and Edna H. Hong. 2 vols. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Levinas, Emmanuel. 1969. Totality and Infinity: An Essay on Exteriority. Translated by Alphonso Lingis. Pittsburgh: Duquesne University Press.

Litwa, M. David. 2022. Carpocrates, Marcellina, and Epiphanes: Three Early Christian Teachers of Alexandria and Rome. London: Routledge.

MacIntyre, Alasdair. 2007. After Virtue: A Study in Moral Theory. 3rd ed. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press.

Mercier, Hugo, and Dan Sperber. 2011. Why Do Humans Reason? Arguments for an Argumentative Theory. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 34.

Metzinger, Thomas. 2009. The Ego Tunnel: The Science of the Mind and the Myth of the Self. New York: Basic Books.

Milgram, Stanley. 1974. Obedience to Authority: An Experimental View. New York: Harper & Row.

Nietzsche, Friedrich. 1998. On the Genealogy of Morality. Translated by Maudemarie Clark and Alan J. Swensen. Indianapolis: Hackett.

Parfit, Derek. 1984. Reasons and Persons. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Pinker, Steven. 2011. The Better Angels of Our Nature: Why Violence Has Declined. New York: Viking.

Plato. 1997. Euthyphro. In Complete Works, edited by John M. Cooper, translated by G. M. A. Grube, 1–16. Indianapolis: Hackett.

Plato. 1997. Republic. In Complete Works, edited by John M. Cooper, translated by G. M. A. Grube and C. D. C. Reeve, 971–1223. Indianapolis: Hackett.

Royzman, Edward B., et al. 2015. The Curious Tale of Julie and Mark: Unraveling the Moral Dumbfounding Effect. Judgment and Decision Making.

Sartre, Jean-Paul. 1964. Nausea. Translated by Lloyd Alexander. New York: New Directions.

Schopenhauer, Arthur. 2010. The World as Will and Representation. Vol. 1. Translated and edited by Judith Norman, Alistair Welchman, and Christopher Janaway. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Singer, Peter. 1979. Practical Ethics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Sloterdijk, Peter. 1987. Critique of Cynical Reason. Translated by Michael Eldred. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

Spinoza, Baruch. 1994. Ethics. Translated by Edwin Curley. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Spirin, Denys. 2026. Against the Light: The Philosophy of the Left-Hand Path. Draft2Digital. ISBN: 9798233609374.

Spirin, Denys. 2026. The Black Flame: A Philosophy of Acausality. Draft2Digital. ISBN: 9798233291708.

Stirner, Max. 1995. The Ego and Its Own. Edited by David Leopold. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Tillich, Paul. 1957. Dynamics of Faith. New York: Harper & Row.

Tolstoy, Leo. 1983. A Confession. Translated by David Patterson. New York: W. W. Norton & Company.

United Nations. 1948. Universal Declaration of Human Rights. December 10.

de Waal, Frans. 2009. The Age of Empathy: Nature’s Lessons for a Kinder Society. New York: Harmony Books.

Weber, Max. 1958. The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism. Translated by Talcott Parsons. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons.

Williams, Eric. 1944. Capitalism and Slavery. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.

Žižek, Slavoj. 2008. The Sublime Object of Ideology. 2nd ed. London: Verso.