The Story of Switzerland by Lina Hug and Richard Stead - HTML preview

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Preface

ix

Table of Cantons

xiii

Table Showing Names, Areas, and Populations Of Cantons

xxiv

I.

The Lake Dwellers

1-12

Discovery of Lake Settlements—Dr. Ferdinand Keller's explorations—

Three distinct epochs—Daily life of the Lakemen—Lake Settlements

in East Yorkshire.

II.

The Helvetians

13-28

Extent of their territory—Their government and mode of life—

Orgetorix—Divico

beats

the

Roman

forces—Cæsar

routs

Helvetians—Vercingetorix—Valisians—Rhætians.

III.

Helvetia under the Romans

29-43

Cæsar's mode of dealing with Helvetia—Augustus—Helvetia

incorporated into Gaul—Vespasian—Alamanni and Burgundians—

Christianity introduced.

[Pg xiv]

IV.

The Ancestors of the Swiss Nation

44-57

The

Huns

and

their

ravages—Alamanni—Burgundians—"The

Nibelungenlied"—The

Franks

subdue

both

Alamanni

and

Burgundians—Irish monks preach in Switzerland.

V.

The Carolingians—Charlemagne

58-70

Pepin le Bref—Charlemagne—His connection with Zurich.

VI.

The Kingdom of Burgundy; the Duchy of Swabia; and the German

Empire

71-82

Division of Charlemagne's territory into three—Rudolf the Guelf—

Swabian Dukes—Genealogical tables.

VII.

Burgundy and Swabia under the German Emperors

85-94

Bertha, the "Spinning Queen"—Her son Conrad—Helvetia in close

connection with Germany—Henry III.—Struggle with the Papal

power.

VIII.

The Reign of the House of Zaeringen

95-100

Their origin—Freiburg and other towns founded—Bern founded—

Defeated by Savoy—The Crusades.

IX.

The Houses of Kyburg, Savoy, and Habsburg

101-117

Fall of the Zaerings—Kyburg dynasty—Growth of Feudalism—The

Hohenstaufen—Savoy—Rise of the Habsburgs—Rudolf.

[Pg xv]

X.

The Confederation, Or Eidgenossenschaft

118-130

The Forest Cantons—The Oath on the Rütli—Rudolf oppresses the

Waldstätten—Tell and the apple—Investigation as to the facts

relating to the foundation of the League.

XI.

The Battle of Morgarten

131-137

Attempt on Zurich by the Habsburgs—Albrecht—Gathering of the

Wald peoples—Austrian defeat.

XII.

The League of the Eight States

139-146

Lucerne joins the League—Zurich follows—War with Austria—Glarus

attached to the League as an inferior or protected State—Zug joins

the Union—Bern.

XIII.

Zurich an example of a Swiss Town in The Middle Ages

147-157

Abbey Church of our Lady—Influence of the Lady Abbess—Citizens

in three classes—They gradually gain freedom—Trade of the city—

Zurich a literary centre—Uprising of the working classes—A new

constitution.

XIV.

Bern Crushes the Nobility: Great Victory Of Laupen

158-166

Bern of a military bent—Forms a West Swiss Union—Siege of

Solothurn—Bern opposes the Habsburgs—Acquires Laupen—Victory

at Laupen—League of the Eight States completed.

XV.

The Battles of Sempach and Naefels

167-178

Opposition to Austria—Leopold III., Character of—His plans—Defeat

and death at Sempach—Winkelried—Battle of Naefels.

[Pg xvi]

XVI.

How Switzerland came to have Subject Lands

179-189

Acquisition of surrounding territories desirable—Appenzell—Valais—

Graubünden—Aargau—Quarrels with Milan.

XVII.

War between Zurich and Schwyz

190-199

Dispute concerning Toggenburg lands—Stüssi of Zurich and Von

Reding of Schwyz—Zurich worsted—Makes alliance with Austria—

France joins the alliance—Battle of St. Jacques.

XVIII.

Burgundian Wars

200-216

Charles the Bold—Louis XI. of France—Causes which led to the

war—Policy of Bern—Commencement of hostilities—Battle of

Grandson—Morat—Siege of Nancy and death of Charles.

XIX.

Meeting at Stanz, &c.

217-229

Prestige gained by the League—Disputes respecting the admission

of Freiburg and Solothurn—Diet at Stanz—Nicolas von der Flüe—

Covenant of Stanz—Waldmann—His execution.

XX.

The League of the Thirteen Cantons Completed

230-242

Maximilian—Swabian War—Separation of Switzerland from the

Empire—Basel joins the League—Schaffhausen—Appenzell—Italian

wars—Siege of Novara—Battle of Marignano—St. Gall.

XXI.

The Great Councils, Landsgemeinde, and Diet, &c.

243-253

Two kinds of Canton—Constitution of Bern and of Zurich—

Landsgemeinde—Tagsatzung—Intellectual and literary life.

[Pg xvii]

XXII.

The Reformation in German Switzerland

254-268

Zwingli—His early life—His desire for a reformation—Appointed to

Zurich—A national Reformed Church established—Spread of the new

faith—The Kappeler Milchsuppe—Disputes between Luther and

Zwingli—Second quarrel with the Forest—Zwingli killed.

XXIII.

The Reformation in West Switzerland

269-278

Political condition of Vaud and Geneva—Charles III. and Geneva—

The "Ladle Squires"—Bonivard thrown into Chillon—Reformed faith

preached in French Switzerland by Farel—Treaty of St. Julien—

Operations in Savoy.

XXIV.

Geneva and Calvin

279-290

Calvin—His "Institutes"—His Confession of Faith—Banishment from

Geneva—His return—The Consistoire—The "Children of Geneva"—

Servetus burnt—The Academy founded—Calvin's death.

XXV.

The Catholic Reaction

291-302

Droit d'asile—Pfyffer—Carlo Borromeo, Archbishop of Milan—

Borromean League—Protestants driven from Locarno—Switzerland

an asylum for religious refugees—Effect of Swiss Reformation on

England—Revival of learning—Escalade of Geneva.

XXVI.

The Aristocratic Period

303-314

Thirty Years' War—Graubünden and its difficulties—Massacre in

Valtellina—Rohan—Jenatsch—Peasants'

Revolt—Treaty

with

France.

[Pg xviii]

XXVII.

Political Matters in the Eighteenth Century

315-323

Aristocracy

and

plebeians—French

League—Massacre

at

Greifensee—Davel's plot—Bern—Its three castes—Constitutional

struggles in Geneva—Affray in Neuchâtel.

XXVIII.

Switzerland and the Renaissance: Influence of Voltaire and

Rousseau

324-342

Voltaire—Residence at Ferney—No special influence on Geneva—

Rousseau—Madame de Staël—Swiss savants—Zurich a Poets'

Corner—Breitinger, Bodmer, Haller, Klopstock, &c.—Pestalozzi—

Lavater—The Helvetic Society.

XXIX.

The French Revolution and Switzerland

343-359

Swiss Guards massacred in Paris—Insurrection of Stäfa—Treaty of

Campo Formio—The Paris Helvetic Club—The "Lemanic Republic"—

Surrender of Bern—Helvetic Republic proclaimed—Opposition by

Schwyz, Stanz, &c.

XXX.

The "One and Undivided Helvetic Republic"

357-368

A levy ordered by France—Franco-Helvetic alliance—Austrian

occupation—Russian

occupation—Battle

of

Zurich—Suwarow's

extraordinary marches—Heavy French requisitions—Rengger and

Stapfer,—Centralists and Federalists—Napoleon as mediator.

XXXI.

The Mediation Act and Napoleon

369-381

Conference in Paris on Swiss matters—Mediation Act signed—The

Bockenkrieg—Six new cantons formed—Material and intellectual

progress—Extinction of Diet—The "Long Diet"—Congress of

Vienna—Completion of twenty-two cantons.

[Pg xix]

XXXII.

Switzerland under the Constitution of 1815-48

382-394

Dissatisfaction with results of Vienna Congress—The French

revolution of 1830—The "Day of Uster"—The Siebner Concordat—

Catholic League—Progress of education—Political refugees in

Switzerland—Louis Philippe—Louis Napoleon—Disturbances in

Zurich by the Anti-Nationalists—The Sonderbund War.

XXXIII.

Under the Constitution of 1848

395-407

New Federal Constitution—Federal Assembly—Federal Council—

Federal Tribunal—Powers of the individual cantons—Military

service—Neuchâtel

troubles—Federal

Pact

amended—The

Initiative—The Referendum.

XXXIV.

Industry, Commerce, Railways, Education. The "Right of Asylum"

408-421

Extent of trade—Exports and imports—Railways—Education—Keller

the poet—The Geneva Convention—International Postal Union—

International Labour Congress—Switzerland as a political asylum—

Franco-German War—Summary of population statistics.

Genealogical Tables

83, 84

Index

423

[Pg xxi]

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

The Illustration titled UPPER FALL OF THE REICHENBACH

(MEYRINGEN) in the list of Illustrations actually is THE STANDARD-

BEARERS OF SCHWYZ, URI, UNTERWALDEN AND ZÜRICH. The

original text has the wrong description in the list of illustrations.

PAGE


 
 LAKE DWELLINGS, ZURICH LAKE, FROM A DESIGN BY
 DR.

FERDINAND KELLER

Frontispiece


 
 MAP, SHOWING LAKE SETTLEMENTS AROUND ZURICH

LAKE, BY MR. HEIERLI

2


 
 (1) DECORATION ON SWORD HILT; (2 AND 3), STONE CELTS

FOUND

IN

SWISS

LAKE

DWELLINGS

(COPIED

BY

PERMISSION
 FROM "HARPER'S MAGAZINE")

4


 
 (1) VESSEL; (2) SPECIMENS OF WOVEN FABRICS FOUND IN

SWISS

LAKE

DWELLINGS

(COPIED

BY

PERMISSION

FROM
 "HARPER'S MAGAZINE")

7


 
 SPECIMENS OF POTTERY FOUND IN SWISS LAKE

DWELLINGS (COPIED BY PERMISSION FROM "HARPER'S

MAGAZINE")

10


 
 JOHANNISSTEIN,

WITH

RUINS

OF

CASTLE

OF

"HOHENRHÆTIA," NEAR THUSIS, GRAUBÜNDEN

16


 
 HOUSE (FORMERLY CHAPEL) IN ROMAUNSH STYLE, AT

SCHULS, LOWER ENGADINE, GRAUBÜNDEN

27

[Pg xxii]

SILVER COIN, VERCINGETORIX (DR. IMHOOF, WINTERTHUR)

29


 
 GOLD COIN, VESPASIAN [VESPASIANUS IMPERATOR-

AETERNITAS] (DR. IMHOOF)

34


 
 GOLD COIN OF SIXTEENTH CENTURY [ST. FELIX, ST.

REGULA-SANCTUS CAROLUS] (DR. IMHOOF)

42


 
 THE EIGER

52


 
 GREAT

MINSTER

AND

WASSERKIRCHE,

ZURICH

(APPENZELLER, ZURICH)

67


 
 FURKA PASS

79


 
 CATHEDRAL (EXTERIOR), LAUSANNE

92


 
 CHÂTEAU DE VUFFLENS, VAUD (FOURTEENTH CENTURY)

102


 
 BRONZE

FIGURES

FROM

MAXIMILIAN

MONUMENT,

INNSBRUCK (ARTHUR OF THE ROUND TABLE,
 BRITAIN;

THEODOBERT, DUKE OF BURGUNDY; ERNEST, DUKE OF

AUSTRIA; THEODORIC, KING OF THE OSTROGOTHS)

106


 
 THE OLD HABSBURG CASTLE, CANTON AARGAU

112


 
 THALER OF THE THREE CANTONS (URI, SCHWYZ, AND

UNTERWALDEN)

120


 
 MAP OF OLD SWITZERLAND

138


 
 UPPER FALL OF THE REICHENBACH (MEYRINGEN)

160


 
 PORCH OF BERN MINSTER, WITH STATUE OF RUDOLF VON

ERLACH

165


 
 WINKELRIED'S MONUMENT, STANZ

174


 
 ARMS OF URI

189


 
 ST. JACQUES MONUMENT, BASEL, BY SCHLÖTH

196


 
 ARMS OF SCHWYZ

198


 
 ELIZABETH, WIFE OF ALBERT II.; MARIA OF BURGUNDY;

ELEANOR

OF

PORTUGAL;

KUNIGUNDE,
 SISTER

OF

MAXIMILIAN (FROM MAXIMILIAN MONUMENT, INNSBRUCK)

201

[Pg xxiii]

MAP OF GRANDSON

210


 
 OLD WEAPONS AND ARMOUR IN ZURICH ARSENAL

214


 
 INNER

COURT

OF

THE

ABBEY

OF

OUR

LADY.

LUTH
 CHAPTER OF ZURICH

220


 
 ARMS OF UNTERWALDEN

229


 
 MARBLE RELIEVI, MAXIMILIAN MONUMENT, INNSBRUCK

231


 
 CITY WALLS OF MURTEN

235


 
 CUSTOM-HOUSE, FREIBURG

240


 
 SARNEN, BERN

244


 
 CITY WALLS, LUCERNE

246


 
 ULRICH ZWINGLI

256


 
 MINSTER, BERN

270


 
 THALER OF 1564 (ST. GALL)

289


 
 HIGH ALTAR, CHUR CATHEDRAL

306


 
 ROUSSEAU

329


 
 PESTALOZZI

330


 
 HALLER

333


 
 LAVATER

340


 
 THE LION OF LUCERNE

344


 
 LA HARPE

348


 
 REDING

354


 
 DILIGENCE CROSSING THE SIMPLON PASS

362


 
 INTERLAKEN, FROM THE FELSENEGG

386


 
 POLYTECHNIKUM AT ZURICH

397


 
 VIEW OF SION

404


 
 LAW COURTS AT LAUSANNE

407


 
 "VICTIMS OF THE WORK," ST. GOTHARD TUNNEL, FROM A

BAS-RELIEF

BY

VELA

(BY

SPECIAL
 PERMISSION

OF

SCULPTOR)

411


 
 PORTRAIT OF GOTFRIED KELLER, THE POET

413


 
 INTERIOR OF LAUSANNE CATHEDRAL