Basic Electrical Eng Concepts

here you go now, the technical part, these are some of the basic skills you will require to make iot devices, little bit of engineering.

you will be designing circuits for your iot devices, therefore you need to understand at least basic electronic concepts.

good understanding of mathematics is also essential, since ebooks you are referring for electrical engineering will contain symbols and calculations

that's why i will recommend you go through video series rather than books, since you will be confused when symbols are used and you will have to remember what that symbol is called, in video series symbols are said out loud

learn physics, chemistry, maths, mechanical, maths

http://www.magicmarks.in

learning all these subjects help you in better understanding and the video series is cool and easy to understand, you can take 7 days free trial, and then again sign up with another email id and continue with 7 days free trial

i am no way related to them, but there tutorials have helped me a lot.

you can also learn on youtube, plenty of engineering tutorials available

knowledge of electronic engineering is essential

some basic understanding below

Voltage & Current

the above image best explains voltage current and resistor

voltage is the energy flowing the circuit, energy per unit charge and the current is the rate of the flow of the charge.

Current is the effect (voltage being the cause). Current cannot flow without Voltage.

every metal has some kind of resistance to the current flow, metal has some vibrating photons when the electrons try to move they get hit on photons and energy is released as a heat.

when the metal is cooled, photons are stable and electrons flow is smooth, some metals at specific point of temperature has zero resistance to the electric flow, they are called super conductor

in short you just need to understand, current resistance is higher when the metal is hot and very less or sometimes zero when the metal is cold.

you must have noticed considerable drop in  motorbike and car pickup during hot summers

ohm's law is the most fundamental law of electrical engineering, it's everywhere in electronics world, learn more about ohm's law, in books it will be used as a symbol

ohm’s symbol

Basic Circuit Design Example

above image is basic circuit design, here the current flow is shown from positive to negative, but actually it is from negative to positive, conventional electronics use this way, but current flow is from negative to positive

Circuit Design With Resistors

in the above image, the R1, R2, R3 are resistors, they slow down the current flow, when you design your basic circuit board, using breadboard you will be using resistors so that you don’t fry up your LED bulbs, when you are learning

Resistors

the above image is of resistors, they look like this

BreadBoard

the above image is of breadboard, you will need to practise circuits

you will need this toolkit, if you wanna practise your electrical engineering

while learning you will be using breadboard, so that you can create circuits without soldering, and you can design and redesign your circuits

breadboards are best place to start. That is the real beauty of breadboards–they can house both the simplest circuit as well as very complex circuits.

Basic Tool Kit

http://www.amazon.in/Technology-Uncorked-Engineers-Soldering-Kit/dp/B01DM5W2UK?ie=UTF8&psc=1&redirect=true&ref_=oh_aui_detailpage_o05_s00
 

you will also need this toolkit

ATRIM Basic Electronic Component Project Kit

you can buy it from here

http://www.amazon.in/gp/product/B01GCRYYQK/ref=pd_sim_328_4?ie=UTF8&psc=1&refRID=1DRMW00K1KBEZ6P3K7MK

Serial circuit and parallel circuit

Serial Circuit

above image is the example of serial circuit, even if the one bulbs stops working entire circuit will fail, people from old school have seen series circuit, like in diwali if one bulb fails, entire decoration fails

parallel circuit

in this circuit even if one or two bulbs fail, circuit is not broken, so entire circuit doesn’t fail

Basic Terms used in Circuit Theory

• AC/DC  Ac means Alternating Current(always changing) , DC means Direct Current (Doesn’t change)
• circuit is a closed conducting path through which an electrical current either flows or is intended to flow. A circuit consists of active and passive elements.
• Parameters are the various elements of an electrical circuit (for example, resistance, capacitance, and inductance).
• Linear circuit – a circuit in which the parameters are constant with time, do not change with voltage or current, and obey Ohm’s law. In a non-linear circuit the parameters change with voltage and current.
• passive network is a one which contains no source of EMF.
• active network is a one which contains one or more sources of EMF.
• bilateral circuit is one whose properties or characteristics are same in either direction of current. Example: the usual transmission line is bilateral.
• unilateral circuit is that circuit in which properties or characteristics change with the direction of operation. Example: a diode rectifier can rectify only in one direction.
• Node is a point in a circuit where two or more circuit elements are connected together.
• Branch is a part of a network which lies between two nodes.
• Loop is a closed path in a circuit in which no element or node is encountered more than once.
• Mesh is a loop that contains no other loop within it.

Common laws you should be aware of are

• Ohm’s Law   
• Kirchhoff’s Laws
• Thévenin’s Theorem   
• Norton’s Theorem   
• Thévenin and Norton Equivalence   
• Superposition Theorem   
• Reciprocity Theorem
• Compensation Theorem   
• Millman’s Theorem
• Joule’s Law   
• Maximum Power Transfer Theorem   
• Star-Delta Transformation   
•  Delta-Star Transformation

Creating your own iot device

Now that you know about electrical engineering, you must be ready for making your own iot device, lets start

microcontroller & microprocessor

you either will be using microcontroller or microprocessor for your iot device, they both are similar in nature with some differences and usefulness

Microcontrollers are designed to perform specific tasks. Specific means applications where the relationship of input and output is defined. Depending on the input, some processing needs to be done and output is delivered. For example, keyboards, mouse.

Microprocessor find applications where tasks are unspecific like developing software, games, websites, photo editing, creating documents etc. In such cases the relationship between input and output is not defined. They need high amount of resources like RAM, ROM, I/O ports etc.

The clock speed of the Microprocessor is quite high as compared to the microcontroller. Whereas the microcontrollers operate from a few MHz to 30 to 50 MHz, today’s microprocessor operate above 1GHz as they perform complex tasks.

microcontroller is lot cheaper than microprocessor

microcontroller cannot be used in place of microprocessor it won't be a good idea, as it will make the application quite costly. Microprocessor cannot be used stand alone. They need other peripherals like RAM, ROM, buffer, I/O ports etc and hence a system designed around a microprocessor is quite costly.