Biomedical Imaging by Youxin Mao - HTML preview

from classification and visualization. So, an automatic deformable 3DVIR could be possible

reduce misregistration in the head and neck in whole-body PET/CT studies. J.

upon sufficient performance improvement of deformable image registration in the future.

Nucl. Med. , Vol. 46, No. 4, pp. 596-602, ISSN: 0161-5505.

Beyer, T.; Townsend, D. W.; Brun, T.; Kinahan, P. E.; Charron, M.; Roddy, R.; Israel, J.; Jerin,

For target localization, an alternative approach to deformable image registration has been

J.; Young, J.; Byars, L. & Nutt, R. (2000). A combined PET/CT scanner for clinical

proposed to adapt to the motion of the diaphragm by calculating its displacement from a

oncology. J. Nucl. Med., Vol. 41, pp. 1369-79, ISSN: 0161-5505.

reference position based on external torso volume variation. This is achieved by proposing

Borgefors, G. (1988). Hierarchical chamfer matching : a parametric edge matching algorithm,

and validating a volume conservation hypothesis within torso (Li, et al, 2009a) and an

IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Machine Intell., Vol. 10, pp. 849-865, ISSN: 0162-8828.

expandable “piston” respiratory model during quiet respiration (Li, et al, 2009b). Further

Bybel, B.; Brunken, R. C.; DiFilippo, F. P. ; Neumann, D. R. ; Wu, G. & Cerqueira, M. D.

investigation is required to translate the diaphragm motion into the target motion away

(2008). SPECT/CT imaging : clinical utility of an emerging technology.

from the diaphragm. For many clinical challenges, novel volumetric approaches, including

Radiographics, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp. 1097-1113, ISSN: 0271-5333.

the 3DVIR technique and the volume conservation approach, have shown promises to

Chen, C.; Pelizzari, C. A.; Chen, G. T. Y.; Cooper, M. D. & Levin, D. N. (1987). Image analysis

overcome the clinical problems from volumetric viewpoint.

of PET data with the aid of CT and MR images. In Information Processing in Medical

Imaging, C.N. de Graaf & M. A. Viergever (Eds), pp. 601–611. Plenum Press, 1988.

6. Summary

ISBN: 0306428075, New York.

Chen, G. T. Y. & Pelizzari, C. A. (1989). Image correlation techniques in radiation therapy

In this chapter, the 3D volumetric image registration (3DVIR) technique has been introduced

planning. Comput. Med. Imag. Graphics, Vol. 13, pp. 235–240, ISSN: 0895-6111.

and discussed in lieu of increasing use of multi-modality images in the radiotherapy clinic.

Cho, Z.-H.; Son, Y.-D.; Kim, H.-K.; Kim, K.-N.; Oh, S.-H.; Han, J.-Y.; Hong, I.-K. & Kim, Y.-B.

The foundations of the volumetric image visualization, classification and registration are

(2007). A hybrid PET-MRI: an integrated molecular-genetic imaging system with

discussed in details. One of the most important advantages of the 3DVIR is the high

HRRT-PET and 7.0-T MRI. Int. J. Imag. Syst. Tech. , Vol. 17, No. 4, pp. 252-265, ISSN:

accuracy (±0.1 mm), which has been established from three phantom experiments (CT, MRI

0899-9457.

and PET/CT). This sub-mm accuracy of registration applies to all imaging modalities,

Chowdhury, F. U. & Scarsbrook, A. F. (2008). The role of hybrid SPECT-CT in oncology:

including biological imaging. The 3DVIR has shown its superiority to the conventional 2D

Current and emerging clinical applications. Clin. Radiol. , Vol. 63, pp. 241-251, ISSN:

visual-based fusion technique, which is the only viable visual registration tool in the current

0009-9260.

clinic. Several clinical applications of the 3DVIR with sub-mm accuracy are shown,

Citrin, D.; Ning, H.; Guion, P.; Li, G.; Susil, R. C.; Miller, R. W.; Lessard, E.; Pouliot, J.; Xie,

including correction of motion-induced misalignment in “co-registered” PET/CT images for

H. ; Capala, J. ; Coleman, C. N. ; Camphausen, K. & Menard, C. (2005). Inverse

intra-cranial stereotactic treatment planning and high precision IGRT patient setup using

treatment planning based on MRI for HDR prostate brachytherapy, Int. J. Radiat.

motion-free bony landmarks for extra-cranial stereotactic treatment delivery. Future

Oncol. Biol. Phys. , Vol. 61, No. 4, pp. 1267-1275, ISSN: 0360-3016.

22

Biomedical Imaging

Cormack, A. M. (1963). Representation of a function by its line integrals, with some

Li, G.; Citrin, D.; Camphausen, K.; Mueller, B. ; Burman, C. ; Mychalczak, B. ; Miller, R. W. &

radiological applications. J. Appl. Phys. , Vol. 34, pp. 2722-2727, ISSN: 0021-8979.

Song, Y. (2008a). Advances in 4D Medical Imaging and 4D radiation therapy.

Elhendy, A.; Bax, J. J. & Poldermans, D. (2002). Dobutamine stress myocardial perfusion

Technol. Cancer Res. Treat. , Vol. 7, No. 1 (Feb.), pp. 67-81, ISSN: 1533-0346.

imaging in coronary artery disease. J. Nucl. Med. , Vol. 43, pp. 1634-1646, ISSN: 0161-

Li, G.; Citrin, D.; Miller, R. W.; Camphausen, K.; Mueller, B.; Mychalczak, B. & Song, Y.

5505.

(2008b). 3D and 4D medical image registration combined with image segmentation

Fitzpatrick, J.M.; Hill, D.L.G.; Shyr, Y.; West, J.; Studholme, C. & Maurer, C. R. J. (1998).

and visualization. In: Encyclopedia of Healthcare Information Systems,

Visual assessment of the accuracy of retrospective registration of MR and CT

Wickramasinghe, N. & Geisler, E. (Eds.), pp. 1-9, IGI Global, ISBN: 978-1-59904-889-

images of the brain. IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging, Vol. 17, No. 4, pp. 571-585, ISSN:

5, Hershey, PA.

0278-0062.

Li, G.; Xie, H.; Ning, H.; Citrin, D.; Capala, J.; Maass-Moreno, R.; Guion, P.; Arora, B.;

Garroway, A. N., Grannell, P. K. & Mansfield, P. (1974). Image formation in NMR by a

Coleman, N.; Camphausen, K. & Miller, R. W. (2008c). Accuracy of 3D volumetric

selective irradiative process. J. Phys. C: Solid State Phys. , Vol. 7, L457-L462, ISSN:

image registration based on CT, MR and PET/CT phantom experiments. J. Appl.

0953-8984.

Clin. Med. Phys. , Vol. 9, No. 4, pp. 17-36, ISSN: 1526-9914.

Goldberg, D. E. (1989). Genetic algorithm in search, optimization and machine learning, Kluwer

Li, G.; Arora, N.; Xie, H.; Ning, H.; Lu, W.; Low, D.; Citrin, D.; Kaushal, A.; Zach, L.;

Academic Publishers, ISBN: 0-201-15767-5, Boston, MA.

Camphausen, K. & Miller R. W. (2009a). Quantitative prediction of respiratory tidal

Hibbard, L. S.; McGlone, J. S.; Davis, D. W. & Hawkins, R. A. (1987). Three-dimensional

volume based on the external torso volume change: a potential volumetric

representation and analysis of brain energy metabolism. Science, Vol. 236, No. 4809,

surrogate. Phys. Med. Biol. , Vol. 54, pp. 1963-1978, ISSN: 0031-9155.

pp. 1641-1646, ISSN: 0036-8075.

Li, G.; Xie, H.; Ning, H.; Lu, W.; Low, D.; Citrin, D.; Kaushal, A.; Zach, L.; Camphausen, K. &

Hibbard, L. S. & Hawkins, R. A. (1988). Objective image alignment for three-dimensional

Miller R. W. (2009b). A novel analytical approach to predict respiratory diaphragm

reconstruction of digital autoradiograms. J. Neurosci. Methods, Vol. 26, pp. 55-74,

motion based on torso volume variation. Phys. Med. Biol. , Vol. 54, pp. 4113-4130,

ISSN: 0165-0270.

ISSN: 0031-9155.

Hill, D. L.; Batchelor, P. G.; Holden, M. & Hawkes, D. J. (2001). Medical image registration.

Ling, C. F.; Humm, J.; Larson, S.; Amols, H.; Fuks, Z.; Leivel, S. & Koutcher, J. A. (2000).

Phys. Med. Biol. , Vol. 46, pp. R1-R45, ISSN: 0031-9155.

Towards multidimensional radiation therapy (MDCRT): Biological imaging and

Hounsfield, G. N. (1973). Computerized transverse axial scanning (tomography). 1.

biological conformality. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys., Vol. 47, pp. 551-560, ISSN:

Description of system, Br. J. Radiol. , Vol. 46, No. 552, pp. 1016-1022, ISSN: 0007-

0360-3016.

1285.

Low, D. A.; Nystrom, M.; Kalinin, E.; Parikh, P.; Dempsey, J. F.; Bradley, J. D.; Mutic, S.;

Jaffray, D.; Kupelian, P.; Djemil, T. & Macklis, R. M. (2007). Review of image-guided

Wahab, S. H.; Islam, T.; Christensen, G.; Politte, D. G. & Whiting, B. R. (2003). A

radiation therapy. Expert. Rev. Anticancer. Ther., Vol. 7, pp. 89-103, ISSN: 1473-7140.

method for the reconstruction of four-dimensional synchronized CT scans acquired

Jiang, S. B. (2006). Technical aspects of image-guided respiration-gated radiation therapy.

during free breathing. Med. Phys., Vol. 30, pp. 1254-1263, ISSN: 0094-2405.

Med. Dosim. , Vol. 31, No. 2, pp. 141-151, ISSN: 0958-3947.

Maintz, J.B.A. & Viergever, M.A. (1998). A survey of medical image registration. Med. Image

Keall, P. (2004). 4-dimesional computed tomography imaging and treatment planning.

Anal., Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 1-36, ISSN: 1361-8415.

Semin. Radiat. Oncol., Vol. 14, pp. 81-90, ISSN: 1053-4296.

Mansfield, P. & Maudsley, A. A. (1977). Medical imaging by NMR. Br. J. Radiol. , Vol. 50, No.

Kirkpatrick, S.; Gelatt, C. D. & Vecchi, M. P. (1983). Optimization by simulated annealing.

591, pp. 188-194, ISSN: 0007-2460.

Science, Vol. 220, No. 4598, pp. 671-680, ISSN: 0036-8075.

Nestle, U.; Weber, W.; Hentschel, M. & Grosu A.-L. (2009). Biological imaging in radiation

Lauterbur, P. C. (1973). Image formation by induced local interactions: examples employing

therapy: role of positron emission tomography. Phys. Med. Biol., Vol. 54, pp. R1-R25,

nuclear magnetic resonance. Nature, Vol. 242 (March), pp. 190-191, ISSN: 0028-0836.

ISSN: 0031-9155.

Li, G.; Xie, H.; Ning, H.; Capala, J.; Arora, B. C.; Coleman, C. N.; Camphausen, K. & Miller,

Osman, M. M.; Cohade, C.; Nakamoto, Y.; Marshall, L. T.; Leal, J. P. & Wahl, L. W. (2003).

R. W. (2005). A novel 3D volumetric voxel registration technique for volume-view-

Clinically significant inaccurate localization of lesions with PET/CT: frequency in

guided image registration of multiple imaging modalities. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol.

300 patients. J. Nucl. Med., Vol. 44, pp. 240-243, ISSN: 0161-5505.

Phys. , Vol. 63, No. 1, pp. 261-273, ISSN: 0360-3016.

Pelizzari, C. A.; Chen, G. T. Y.; Spelbring, D. R.; Weichselbaum, R. R. & Chen, C. T. (1989).

Li, G.; Xie, H.; Ning, H.; Citrin, D.; Capala, J.; Maass-Moreno, R.; Coleman, C. N.;

Accurate three-dimensional registration of CT, PET and/or MR images of the brain.

Camphausen, K. & Miller, R. W. (2007). Registering molecular imaging information

J. Comput. Assist. Tomogr. , Vol. 13, pp. 20–26, ISSN: 0363-8715.

into anatomic images with improved spatial accuracy. Proceedings of IEEE Int. Symp.

Phelps, M. E.; Hoffman, E. J.; Maulani, N. A. & Ter-Pogossian, M. M. (1975). Application of

Biomed. Imaging, pp. 1144-1147, ISBN: 1-4244-0672-2, Arlington, VA, April 12-15,

annihilation coincidence detection to transaxial reconstruction tomography. J. Nucl.

2007.

Med. , Vol. 16, No. 3, pp. 210-224, ISSN: 0161-5505.

Pichler, B. J.; Judenhofer, M. S. & Pfannenberg, C. (2008). Mulimodality imaging approaches:

PET/CT and PET/MRI. In: W. Semmler & M. Schwaiger, (Eds.) Molecular Imaging I,

Volumetric

Image Registration of Multi-modality Images of CT, MRI and PET

23

Cormack, A. M. (1963). Representation of a function by its line integrals, with some

Li, G.; Citrin, D.; Camphausen, K.; Mueller, B. ; Burman, C. ; Mychalczak, B. ; Miller, R. W. &

radiological applications. J. Appl. Phys. , Vol. 34, pp. 2722-2727, ISSN: 0021-8979.

Song, Y. (2008a). Advances in 4D Medical Imaging and 4D radiation therapy.

Elhendy, A.; Bax, J. J. & Poldermans, D. (2002). Dobutamine stress myocardial perfusion

Technol. Cancer Res. Treat. , Vol. 7, No. 1 (Feb.), pp. 67-81, ISSN: 1533-0346.

imaging in coronary artery disease. J. Nucl. Med. , Vol. 43, pp. 1634-1646, ISSN: 0161-

Li, G.; Citrin, D.; Miller, R. W.; Camphausen, K.; Mueller, B.; Mychalczak, B. & Song, Y.

5505.

(2008b). 3D and 4D medical image registration combined with image segmentation

Fitzpatrick, J.M.; Hill, D.L.G.; Shyr, Y.; West, J.; Studholme, C. & Maurer, C. R. J. (1998).

and visualization. In: Encyclopedia of Healthcare Information Systems,

Visual assessment of the accuracy of retrospective registration of MR and CT

Wickramasinghe, N. & Geisler, E. (Eds.), pp. 1-9, IGI Global, ISBN: 978-1-59904-889-

images of the brain. IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging, Vol. 17, No. 4, pp. 571-585, ISSN:

5, Hershey, PA.

0278-0062.

Li, G.; Xie, H.; Ning, H.; Citrin, D.; Capala, J.; Maass-Moreno, R.; Guion, P.; Arora, B.;

Garroway, A. N., Grannell, P. K. & Mansfield, P. (1974). Image formation in NMR by a

Coleman, N.; Camphausen, K. & Miller, R. W. (2008c). Accuracy of 3D volumetric

selective irradiative process. J. Phys. C: Solid State Phys. , Vol. 7, L457-L462, ISSN:

image registration based on CT, MR and PET/CT phantom experiments. J. Appl.

0953-8984.

Clin. Med. Phys. , Vol. 9, No. 4, pp. 17-36, ISSN: 1526-9914.

Goldberg, D. E. (1989). Genetic algorithm in search, optimization and machine learning, Kluwer

Li, G.; Arora, N.; Xie, H.; Ning, H.; Lu, W.; Low, D.; Citrin, D.; Kaushal, A.; Zach, L.;

Academic Publishers, ISBN: 0-201-15767-5, Boston, MA.

Camphausen, K. & Miller R. W. (2009a). Quantitative prediction of respiratory tidal

Hibbard, L. S.; McGlone, J. S.; Davis, D. W. & Hawkins, R. A. (1987). Three-dimensional

volume based on the external torso volume change: a potential volumetric

representation and analysis of brain energy metabolism. Science, Vol. 236, No. 4809,

surrogate. Phys. Med. Biol. , Vol. 54, pp. 1963-1978, ISSN: 0031-9155.

pp. 1641-1646, ISSN: 0036-8075.

Li, G.; Xie, H.; Ning, H.; Lu, W.; Low, D.; Citrin, D.; Kaushal, A.; Zach, L.; Camphausen, K. &

Hibbard, L. S. & Hawkins, R. A. (1988). Objective image alignment for three-dimensional

Miller R. W. (2009b). A novel analytical approach to predict respiratory diaphragm

reconstruction of digital autoradiograms. J. Neurosci. Methods, Vol. 26, pp. 55-74,

motion based on torso volume variation. Phys. Med. Biol. , Vol. 54, pp. 4113-4130,

ISSN: 0165-0270.

ISSN: 0031-9155.

Hill, D. L.; Batchelor, P. G.; Holden, M. & Hawkes, D. J. (2001). Medical image registration.

Ling, C. F.; Humm, J.; Larson, S.; Amols, H.; Fuks, Z.; Leivel, S. & Koutcher, J. A. (2000).

Phys. Med. Biol. , Vol. 46, pp. R1-R45, ISSN: 0031-9155.

Towards multidimensional radiation therapy (MDCRT): Biological imaging and

Hounsfield, G. N. (1973). Computerized transverse axial scanning (tomography). 1.

biological conformality. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys., Vol. 47, pp. 551-560, ISSN:

Description of system, Br. J. Radiol. , Vol. 46, No. 552, pp. 1016-1022, ISSN: 0007-

0360-3016.

1285.

Low, D. A.; Nystrom, M.; Kalinin, E.; Parikh, P.; Dempsey, J. F.; Bradley, J. D.; Mutic, S.;

Jaffray, D.; Kupelian, P.; Djemil, T. & Macklis, R. M. (2007). Review of image-guided

Wahab, S. H.; Islam, T.; Christensen, G.; Politte, D. G. & Whiting, B. R. (2003). A

radiation therapy. Expert. Rev. Anticancer. Ther., Vol. 7, pp. 89-103, ISSN: 1473-7140.

method for the reconstruction of four-dimensional synchronized CT scans acquired

Jiang, S. B. (2006). Technical aspects of image-guided respiration-gated radiation therapy.

during free breathing. Med. Phys., Vol. 30, pp. 1254-1263, ISSN: 0094-2405.

Med. Dosim. , Vol. 31, No. 2, pp. 141-151, ISSN: 0958-3947.

Maintz, J.B.A. & Viergever, M.A. (1998). A survey of medical image registration. Med. Image

Keall, P. (2004). 4-dimesional computed tomography imaging and treatment planning.

Anal., Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 1-36, ISSN: 1361-8415.

Semin. Radiat. Oncol., Vol. 14, pp. 81-90, ISSN: 1053-4296.

Mansfield, P. & Maudsley, A. A. (1977). Medical imaging by NMR. Br. J. Radiol. , Vol. 50, No.

Kirkpatrick, S.; Gelatt, C. D. & Vecchi, M. P. (1983). Optimization by simulated annealing.

591, pp. 188-194, ISSN: 0007-2460.

Science, Vol. 220, No. 4598, pp. 671-680, ISSN: 0036-8075.

Nestle, U.; Weber, W.; Hentschel, M. & Grosu A.-L. (2009). Biological imaging in radiation

Lauterbur, P. C. (1973). Image formation by induced local interactions: examples employing

therapy: role of positron emission tomography. Phys. Med. Biol., Vol. 54, pp. R1-R25,

nuclear magnetic resonance. Nature, Vol. 242 (March), pp. 190-191, ISSN: 0028-0836.

ISSN: 0031-9155.

Li, G.; Xie, H.; Ning, H.; Capala, J.; Arora, B. C.; Coleman, C. N.; Camphausen, K. & Miller,

Osman, M. M.; Cohade, C.; Nakamoto, Y.; Marshall, L. T.; Leal, J. P. & Wahl, L. W. (2003).

R. W. (2005). A novel 3D volumetric voxel registration technique for volume-view-

Clinically significant inaccurate localization of lesions with PET/CT: frequency in

guided image registration of multiple imaging modalities. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol.

300 patients. J. Nucl. Med., Vol. 44, pp. 240-243, ISSN: 0161-5505.

Phys. , Vol. 63, No. 1, pp. 261-273, ISSN: 0360-3016.

Pelizzari, C. A.; Chen, G. T. Y.; Spelbring, D. R.; Weichselbaum, R. R. & Chen, C. T. (1989).

Li, G.; Xie, H.; Ning, H.; Citrin, D.; Capala, J.; Maass-Moreno, R.; Coleman, C. N.;

Accurate three-dimensional registration of CT, PET and/or MR images of the brain.

Camphausen, K. & Miller, R. W. (2007). Registering molecular imaging information

J. Comput. Assist. Tomogr. , Vol. 13, pp. 20–26, ISSN: 0363-8715.

into anatomic images with improved spatial accuracy. Proceedings of IEEE Int. Symp.

Phelps, M. E.; Hoffman, E. J.; Maulani, N. A. & Ter-Pogossian, M. M. (1975). Application of

Biomed. Imaging, pp. 1144-1147, ISBN: 1-4244-0672-2, Arlington, VA, April 12-15,

annihilation coincidence detection to transaxial reconstruction tomography. J. Nucl.

2007.

Med. , Vol. 16, No. 3, pp. 210-224, ISSN: 0161-5505.

Pichler, B. J.; Judenhofer, M. S. & Pfannenberg, C. (2008). Mulimodality imaging approaches:

PET/CT and PET/MRI. In: W. Semmler & M. Schwaiger, (Eds.) Molecular Imaging I,

24

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