perform spinning strikes and the
calculation and measurement of the
speed, flying trajectory and racket
vibrations are a subject of constant
6. Bio-mechanical analysis of
the Tennis game
A major role for the initial ball
shooting and the subsequent bouncing is
played by the simultaneous interaction of the muscles involved in the racket grip and
From mechanical viewpoint the motor organs of the tennis player can be
regarded as comprising kinematic pairs united in several kinematic chains. The
kinematic chain “arm”, which performs the blow on the ball, is made up of several
links: trunk, armpit, arm and racket [13]. During the strike these links are dynamically
interrelated and transform into a striking lever (Figure 6). If during
the accomplishment of the entire striking movement each of these
links moves observing the sequence required by the law of the
optimum power. Then the last link in the chain will acquire a speed,
which is equal to the sum of the speeds of all the links in the chain.
The need for providing optimum conditions for most efficient
striking performance and namely, highest ball direction precision at
maximum ball speed necessitates that the ball is hit in the moment
when it has the maximum possible speed [13]. The racket should
also have maximum speed at the moment of hitting the ball and
should also perform progressive-rectilinear motion. The muscles
involved in this strike can be classified into two groups:
statically working muscles (performing the grip);
dynamically working muscles (performing the striking
movement itself).
The statically working muscles are mainly the muscles of the forearm, which are
strained during most of the blowing movement and ensure the tight connection
