1. GENERAL
• Wherever ladders are required to provide access to places where people need to work, they shall be provided and be properly maintained.
2. PLACEMENT
• Ladders shall be placed so that each side rail (or stile) is on a level and firm footing and so that the ladder is rigid, stable and secure.
• The side rails (or stiles) shall not be supported by boxes, loose bricks, or other loose packing.
• No ladder shall be placed in front of a door opening towards the ladder unless the door is fastened open, locked or guarded.
• Wherever possible, ladders shall be used at such an angle that the horizontal distance from the foot of the ladder to the structure the ladder rests against is one quarter (1/4) of the length of the ladder.
• Whenever possible, a ladder used as a place from which a person has to work shall rise to a height of at least 1m above the highest rung upon which the person must stand to work. If a height of 1 m above the working height cannot be achieved, then the ladder should reach as far as possible above the level at which the person is required to work.
• Every ladder or run of ladders rising a vertical distance of 6m or over shall be provided with an intermediate landing place or places so that the vertical distance between any two successive landing places is not more than 6m.
• Ladders shall rise to a height of at least 1m above any landing place for people using those ladders.
• Where a ladder passes through an opening in the floor of a landing place, the opening shall be as small as is reasonably practicable.
• A ladder placed such that its top end rests against a window frame shall have a board fixed to its top end. The size and position of this board shall ensure that the load to be carried by the ladder is evenly distributed over the window frame.
• Step ladders shall be set up on a level and firm footing. They shall not be stood on loose bricks or any other loose packing or surface.
3. SECURING
• Ladders shall be securely fixed at the top and foot so that they cannot move either from their top or from their bottom points of rest. If it is not possible to secure a ladder at both the top and bottom then it shall be securely fixed at the base. If this is not possible, then a person should stand at the base of the ladder and secure it manually against slipping.
• Ladders set up in public thoroughfares or other places (where there is potential for accidental collision with them) must be provided with effective means to prevent the displacement of the ladders due to collisions, for example, use of barricades.
4. USE
• Only one person at a time may use or work from a single ladder.
• Always face the ladder when ascending or descending it.
• Do not use a ladder or step ladder if:
o
there is a missing or a weakened, broken or otherwise defective rung or tread, or a broken or defective stile; or
o
any rung or tread depends for its support solely on nails, spikes, or other similar fixing device.
• Only a "trestle ladder" shall be used to support a plank upon which a person has to work.
• Ladders made by fastening cleats across a single rail shall not be used.
• No metal ladder and no ladder reinforced with wire shall be used in the vicinity of any electrical conductor or of any electrified equipment or apparatus as such use may result in a person receiving an electric shock.
• Ladders shall not be joined together to form a longer ladder unless the longer ladder conforms with the strength and rigidity requirements of the Construction Safety Act Regulations.
• A ladder shall not be used as a guy, brace, tom, strut, beam, skid, or for any use other than its correct use as a ladder.
• When there is significant traffic on ladders used for building work, separate ladders for ascent and descent shall be provided, designated and used.
LADDERS
1. Ladders must be regularly and frequently inspected. All defective ladders (weakened, broken, or missing steps, broken side rails, etc.) must be tagged, removed from service and reported to the supervisor immediately.
2. Ladders and scaffolds must be strong enough for intended use. Check with the supervisor if the strength is questionable.
3. Do not use portable metal ladders near energized electrical circuits.
4. Ladders must not be placed in front of doors that open toward the ladder unless the door is open, locked, or guarded.
5. In placing a straight ladder, the distance between the bottom of the ladder and the supporting point is to be approximately one-fourth of the ladder length.
6. Portable ladders when in use must be firmly placed, held, tied, or otherwise secured to prevent slipping or falling.
7. Use only company owned ladders. Do not use chairs, boxes, etc. as ladders. Do not use ladders as scaffold platforms. Do not use portable straight ladders without a non-skid base. Only company employees are authorized to use company ladders.
8. Do not place a ladder against an unsafe support. Never put spliced ladders together to make a longer ladder. When using stepladders, be certain the legs are fully spread.
9. Do not use stepladders as straight ladders.
10. When using a stepladder longer than ten feet high, another person must hold the ladder (except a platform ladder).
11. Use both hands and face the ladder when ascending and descending the ladder.
12. Do not carry objects while climbing ladders.
13. Do not climb to the top step of a ladder. Go no higher than the second step from the top. Do not climb straight ladders higher than the third step from the top.
14. Only one employee is to use the ladder at a time. If two employees are needed, use another ladder.
15. When dismounting a ladder from an elevated position, be certain the side rails extend at least three feet above the dismount position or that grab bars exist.
Hand Safety
Cuts and Punctures
1. Store tools so that cutting edges are protected, do not operate tools unless all guards are operable and in place.
2. Always disconnect the power source before changing blades, knives, bits or other sharp accessories.
3. Keep all cutting edges sharp to avoid kickbacks, slips and tool breakage.
4. Be alert for cuts and punctures from pointed tools, wires, nails, steel and masonry chips, wood splinters.
Crushing and Smashing
1. Always lockout all power sources and test them inoperable before working on any mechanical equipment.
2. Avoid pinch points when handling all materials.
3. Never place fingers or hands through moveable equipment openings.
Chemical Injuries and Burns
1. Never attempt to use or handle any chemical until you have reviewed its corresponding material safety data sheet, which will identify the dangers and personal protective equipment requirements. Burns commonly occur from contact with hot steel and equipment parts, open flame and chemicals.
*Avoid injuring your hands by staying alert and using the proper hand protection such as gloves, tapes, guards, barrier creams, and clean personal hygiene.
GUIDELINES FOR ROAD SALE OF COAL
General:
All the works related to road sale of coal and all the persons deployed for execution of road sale work shall be under one dispatch officer, who shall be under the administrative control of Project Officer. The staffs posted in road sale, shall be treated as ‘posted in sensitive place’. The road sale shall be strictly as per the validity and quantity of DO received from HQ and subsequent orders from Area Office. The guide lines if any, from Vigilance dept shall be followed religiously.
Road Sale related Infrastructure:
Two separate places / areas in the coal stock yard shall be earmarked for loading of trucks / tippers used for road sale. Out of the two such places, one shall be used for loading of coal into road sale trucks and the other shall be used for dumping of fresh coal into stock. Unloading of fresh coal and loading of coal into trucks shall not be carried out at the same place.
One number (only one number) of properly manned check gate shall be provided for entry and exit of road sale trucks / tippers.
Out of the available weigh bridges the weighment of loaded trucks shall be taken where the said truck had weighed for tare weight. In normal case change over from one Weigh Bridge to other is not allowed except in emergency by written slip of the Project Officer/ Despatch Officer.
One place out side the mine and out side the check gate shall be earmarked for parking of empty trucks in proper queue.
One place in the stock yard nearer to the weigh bridge shall be ear marked for adjustment of loading.
(Display boards showing the above points shall be displayed at the requisite places for convenience of the drivers and others.) Entry of trucks for road sale:
Every truck entering the stock yard for loading of road sale coal shall pass through the check gate. The gate keeper shall make entries of a) Regd. No. of the vehicle, b) name of the driver, c) Name of the DO holder, d) DO number, e) entry
time and date in a bound paged register. Two such identical registers shall be maintained alternatively one on even dates and the other on odd dates.
The gate keeper shall issue one slip (entry advice) showing Regd. number of truck, serial No as recorded in the register with date, time and signature. The driver shall deposit the same slip along with other papers while exit with coal. The guard shall enter the exit time in the same register.
Timing of entry and exit of trucks shall be strictly governed by the orders received from time to time. The timings shall also be displayed out side the gate.
The entry of empty trucks and exit of loaded trucks shall be so governed that at any point of time not more than 20 trucks are inside the stock yard. The other trucks shall stand in a queue out side the gate.
Weigh Bridge:
The weigh bridge clerk shall allow the trucks those having valid DO and entry slip of the gate for taking tare weight. He shall take the tare weight after confirming that there are no extraneous materials in the ‘dala’ of the truck. He shall record the tare weight and give loading advice to the truck.
Loading of truck:
The supervisor at the loading stock yard / Pay loader operator shall give load to the trucks having valid entry pass and loading advice from the weigh bridge.
Weighment and loading adjustment:
The loaded truck shall be weighed in the weigh bridge, where it was weighed for tare weight. If adjustment of loading is required, the truck shall be sent to the loading adjustment site for necessary adjustment.
On final adjustment the weigh bridge clerk shall enter the gross weight and hand over all the relevant documents to the driver.
The driver of the loaded truck shall hand over the entry pass at the check gate for marking out in the register.
Check on the system:
At the end of the day and at any time during road sale the despatch Incharge may check and tally the register maintained at check gate as well as weigh bridge and shall counter sign the registers.
The security In-charge shall check the register maintained at the gate and cross check the number of trucks entered/ present in the stock and shall sign the register.
Project Officer, Officers deputed by Project Officer, Officers from area office deputed by Chief General Manager may check the registers so maintained at any time.
Any person including security guards shall report any un authorized entry/loading of trucks to the officials of the project/Area and prompt action shall be taken at the earliest.
General Shop Equipment
General Safety
1. Workplace must be provided with equipment meeting the requirement of the existing standards and regulations
2. All machines should be constructed and maintained so that, while running at full or idle speed and with the largest cutting tool attached, they are free of excessive-noise and harmful vibration.
3. All machines, except portable or mobile ones, should be leveled and, where necessary, vibration dampened. They should be securely fastened to the floor or other suitable foundation to eliminate all movement or walking.
4. Small units should be secured to benches or stands of adequate strength and design.
5. All arbors and mandrels should be constructed so they have firm and secure bearings and are free from slip or play.
6. Loose clothing, long hair, jewelry, and gloves should not be worn around rotating parts of machinery, and especially near nip points and the point of operation.
7. Adjustments should not be made, if at all possible, while the machine is running.
Electrical
1. All of the metal framework on electrically driven machines should be grounded, including the motor, and should comply with the National standards and codes.
2. The machine shall have a cutoff device (stop switch) within reach of the normal operating position.
3. Power controls and operating controls shall be located within easy reach, and away from a hazardous area. They shall be positioned so the operator can remain at the regular work location while operating the machine.
4. Each operating control shall be protected against unexpected or accidental activation.
5. Each machine operated by an electric motor shall be provided with a positive means for rendering the controls inoperative.
6. If more than one person is involved in the maintenance or repair of the machine, each should install a separate padlock with a clasp. In addition to locking out the machine, it also should be tagged out. If the machine does not have a power disconnect to lock it in the off position, unplug the cord and insert a small padlock through the holes in the plug.
7. Install an electronic motor brake on machines that have excessive coasting time. This device can greatly reduce hazards at the point of operation.
Guards:
All belts, gears, and other moving parts must be fully enclosed or guarded, in a manner to present no hazard to the operator.
Fireworks Display -Dos & Don'ts
• Buy fireworks of authorized/reputed manufacturers only.
• Light only one firework at a time, by one person. Others should watch from a safe distance.
• Keep the fireworks to be used at a safer place.
• Organize a community display of fireworks rather than individuals handling crackers.
• Always use a long candle/'phooljhari' for igniting fire crackers and keep elbow joint straight to increase the distance between the body and the crackers.
• Keep two buckets of water handy. In the event of fire, extinguish flame by pouring water from the buckets. Every major fire is small when it starts.
• In case of burns, pour large quantity of water on the burnt area.
• In case of major burns, after extinguishing the fire, remove all smoldering clothes.
Wrap the victim in a clean bedsheet.
• The patient should be taken to a burns specialist or a major hospital. Don't panicky.
• In case of eye burns, wash the eye with tap water for 10 minutes and take the victim to a hospital.
Don'ts
• Don't ignite fireworks while holding them.
• Don't bend over the fireworks being ignited.
• Don't ignite fireworks in any container.
• Don't approach immediately to the misfired fireworks.
• Don't tamper with misfired fireworks.
• Don't attempt to make fireworks at home.
• Don't allow small children to handle fireworks.
• Don't throw or point fireworks at other people.
• Don't carry fireworks in the pocket.
• Don't store firecrackers near burning candles and diyas.
• Don't light firecrackers in narrow by lanes; preferably use open areas and parks.
• Don't wear synthetic clothing; preferably wear thick cotton clothing.
• Don't wear loosely hanging clothes; secure all clothes properly.
• Don't apply any cream or ointment or oil on burnt area.
• Don't drive recklessly while taking a burn victim to the hospital; a delay of up to one hour is immaterial.
• Don't light flying fireworks if there is a heavy wind
Flammable Liquids
Disposal and Transporting of Flammable Liquids: 1. Disposing areas shall be established with adequate ventilation, grounding, bonding, container vents, and trip cans in lieu of disposal at individual work stations whenever possible.
2. When disposing flammables from drums or bulk containers, drip cans, vents, grounding, and bonding shall be used.
3. Gravity transfer may be utilized when small amounts of volatile liquids are required.
4. Pumping shall be accomplished with a positive displacement pump.
5. Hydraulic transfer shall be used only when a control system is in place to prevent overpressurization of the system.
Indoor Storage and Usage
1. Original and secondary containers shall provide content identification and hazard warnings.
2. Safety containers shall be used at all times. Flammable liquids shall be stored in the steel locker.
3. Flammable liquids shall be stored in the steel locker.
4. Water reactive materials shall be prohibited in flammable liquid storage rooms.
5. Warning signs alerting emergency personnel to the presence of flammable liquids shall be posted at all entrances and storage areas.
6. Supervisors shall inspect storage rooms quarterly to ensure compliance.
7. Storage cabinets shall be labeled “Flammable.”
8. Smoking, open flames, arcs, and spark-producing equipment shall be prohibited in the area.
9. Ventilation shall be provided in sufficient quantities to keep the concentration of vapors below 10% of their lower explosive limit. Frequent tests shall be made by a competent person to ascertain the concentration. Scraping and rags soaked with flammable materials shall be kept in a covered metal container.
10. Scraping and rags soaked with flammable materials shall be kept in a covered metal container.
11. Suitable fire extinguishing equipment shall be immediately available in the work area and shall be maintained in a state of readiness for instant use.
12. Storage of flammable liquids with a flashpoint <60 degrees Celsius (140
degrees Fahrenheit) shall not exceed 120 gallons.
13. No more than three storage cabinets of flammable liquids shall be in a single workplace.
For containers larger than 80 gallons of total storage in an area greater than 250
gallons, secondary containment and records shall be maintained.
DEALING WITH FIRE IN DUMP YARD
1. Carbonaceous materials & hot materials shall not be dumped in the dump yard.
2. The supervisor in the dump yard shall not allow dumping of carbonaceous or hot materials in the OB dump yard.
3. Any person who notices fire or heating at any place in the dump yard shall intimate to his Superiors/ Shift In-charge/ Safety Officer/ Manager.
4. Dealing with fire or heating in the dump yard shall be done under the supervision of one over man.
5. The fire/heating may be dealt with a dozer. The chaining job by dozer shall be started after pouring sufficient water over it.
6. The dozer engaged for fire fighting shall be provided & maintained with portable fire extinguisher.
7. No carbonaceous materials shall be used for blanketing the fire/heating.
8. After blanketing, the area shall be compacted with the help of Dozer to restrict breathing of air into the fire area.
9. The persons engaged in fire fighting shall wear fire proof jacket (Asbestos Suit), if the fire is in advance stage.
10. Proper training (theoretical & practical) shall be arranged for the persons who are likely to be engaged in fire fighting.
11. A record of every fire shall be maintained in a bound paged register.
DETAILED SCHEME TO DEAL WITH FIRE IN MINES
Fire Elements
There are four elements needed to start and sustain a fire and/or flame.
These elements are classified in the “Fire Tetrahedron”. These four elements of the “Fire Tetrahedron” are:
A. Reducing Agent (Fuel)
B. Heat
C. Self-sustained chemical Reaction
D. Oxidizing Agent (Oxygen)
Extinguishment
A fire can be extinguished or put out by taking away any of the four components of the “Fire Tetrahedron”. This section will discuss how the most widely used method of extinguishment of fire is accomplished.
Application of Water
This first way water extinguishes a fire is by cooling. This cooling process removes the heat from the fire. This is possible through water’s ability to absorb massive amounts of heat by converting to steam. Without the heat the fuel no longer has the conditions required to produce oxygen to sustain the fire.
The second way water extinguishes a fire is by smothering the fire. When water is heated to its boiling point it converts to a gas called water vapor or steam. When this conversion takes place is dilutes the oxygen in the air. This lowers the amount of oxygen in the air below what a flame requires to burn.
Use of water
The water has two roles:
In contact with the fire, it vaporizes, and this vapour displaces the oxygen (the volume of water vapour is 1,700 times greater than liquid water, at 1000
degrees Fahrenheit this expansion is over 4,000 times); leaving the fire with not enough combustive agent to continue, and it dies out.
The vaporization of water absorbs the heat; it cools the smoke, air, walls, objects in the room, etc., that could act as further fuel, and thus prevents one of the means that fires grow, which is by "jumping" to nearby heat/fuel sources to start new fires, which then combine.
The extinction is thus a combination of "asphyxia" and cooling. The flame itself is suppressed by asphyxia, but the cooling is the most important element